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Upper limb
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Attachments of triceps brachii muscle– origin (long head): infraglenoid tubercle of scapula– origin (lateral head): U. half of post. humerus– origin (medial head): L. half of post. humerus– insertion: olecranon process of ulna– nerve SS: radial n. (C6–8)– function: stabilise shoulder joint and extend forearm
The neurological examination
Published in Michael Y. Wang, Andrea L. Strayer, Odette A. Harris, Cathy M. Rosenberg, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Handbook of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Spinal Medicine for Nurses and Advanced Practice Health Professionals, 2017
Triceps brachii muscle (Figure 11.1i) Innervation: Radial nerve (C6 to C8).Function: Extension of elbow joint.Physical examination: The patient extends the elbow (arrow) against resistance.
Effects of dynamic supported standing training in a patient with pusher behavior: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Masahide Inoue, Yuji Fujino, Satoshi Sugimoto, Kazu Amimoto, Kazuhiro Fukata, Kohei Miura, Tadamitsu Matsuda, Shigeru Makita, Hidetoshi Takahashi
By contrast, it was shown that relaxation therapy in the prone position reduces PB immediately and continuously in acute phase patients (Fujino et al., 2016). This new treatment strategy for PB corrects the sensory experience, thereby, inhibiting excessive motor output. Their report suggested that the approach to abnormal motor output resulting from a mismatch between upright subjective visual vertical and tilted subjective postural vertical (Karnath, Ferber, and Dichgans, 2000; Pérennou et al., 2008) was also effective in improving PB. Moreover, Fujino et al. (2019) reported that electronic stimulation applied to the non-paretic biceps muscle inhibited the abnormal hyperactivation of the triceps brachii muscle on the non-paretic side using the electromyographic activity assessment. The report suggests that PB may have been ascribed by the impairment of error detection due to the vertical misperception. With respect to motor output when standing, Masani, Vette, Kawashima, and Popovic (2008) reported that lower leg muscle activity in supported standing was decreased compared to that in free-standing positions. In addition, patients with stroke show reduced leg muscle activation on the non-paretic side if they shift their weight to the non-paretic side (Kiyota et al., 2011). Thus, in our patient, a stable standing posture due to the modified standing frame might have reduced the hyperactivation on the non-paretic side. In such a condition, catching a balloon volleyball using the upper extremity on the non-paretic side focuses attention on the non-paretic space and requires voluntary weight shifts to the non-paretic side.
Task Oriented Training Activities Post Stroke Will Produce Measurable Alterations in Brain Plasticity Concurrent with Skill Improvement
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2022
Somchanok Rungseethanakul, Jarugool Tretriluxana, Pagamas Piriyaprasarth, Narawut Pakaprot, Khanitha Jitaree, Suradej Tretriluxana, Jerome V. Danoff
Rapid plasticity in the human brain as defined by alterations in CE has been observed after 30-minutes of repetitive movements and retained for 5 minutes.18 Harris-Love et al used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and demonstrated that CE of the triceps brachii muscle in the lesioned hemisphere was enhanced after single repetition reaching-training19 whereas Thanakanchokchai and colleagues reported diminished CE of the wrist and finger extensor muscles of the non-lesioned hemisphere after 1-hour ASAP.20 RTG performance not only requires the action of the wrist extensor muscles, but also the elbow muscles.21 However, reports on relating CE for groups of these muscles with changes in functional performance are limited.19,20
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous electrical stimulation for a patient with cubital tunnel syndrome: a case report with a one-year follow-up
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, José L. Arias-Buría, Youssef Rahou El Bachiri, Gustavo Plaza-Manzano, Joshua A. Cleland
The treatment approach consisted of the application of electrical current between needling filaments placed close to the nerve. In regional anesthesia, medical doctors place beveled needles in situ during the treatment period (Ilfeld et al., 2017); however, the therapist used solid filament needles similar to those used for acupuncture. With the aim of increasing the accuracy and proper placement of the needle close to the nerve, an M-MSK ultrasound system (SonoSite®, Spain) with a linear array transducer (HFL38x, SonoSite®, Spain) at 12 MHz was used during all treatment sessions. The ulnar nerve was imaged in a transverse cross-sectional (short axis) view at two points on the arm and another two points at the forearm. The arm points were: 1) medial to the triceps brachii muscle, 10 cm superior to the medial epicondyle (Figures 1a; and 2) 3 cm superior to the ulnar condylar groove (Figure 1b). The forearm points were: 3) 3 cm inferior to the medial epicondyle when the ulnar nerve passes between the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor carpi ulnaris (Figure 1c); and 4) 10 cm inferior to the medial epicondyle (Figure 1d, Supplemental Video 1). Once the ulnar nerve was identified, the skin was cleaned with alcohol before needle insertion. The patient received three treatment sessions, once per week. In the first session, both needles (0.30x25mm, Agupunt®, Barcelona, Spain) were placed close to the ulnar nerve at two forearm points (Figure 2a). In the second session, both 0.30 × 25 mm needles were placed close to the ulnar nerve at two arm points (Figure 2b). In the third session, they were placed close to the ulnar nerve at one arm and one forearm point (Figure 2c).