China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
Internally, the occipital bone is marked by grooves for several dural sinuses: the sigmoid sinus (“S-shaped”), superior sagittal sinus, and the transverse sinuses. It also contains fossae for parts of the brain: the fossae for the cerebellum and the fossae for the occipital poles of the cerebral hemisphere (Plates 3.10 through 3.12). The atlanto-occipital joint is made by the occipital condyles and the superior articular facets of the atlas bone, which is part of the vertebral column (the atlas bone is named after Atlas, the mythical man who balanced the world on his shoulders, as the atlas balances the head on the neck). The atlas includes the anterior arch, superior articular facet, transverse process, and posterior arch (Plate 3.31b and c). Note that the transverse ligament of the atlas holds the dens to the anterior arch of the atlas. The retropharyngeal space is situated posterior to the cervical viscera and extends from the basilar part of the occipital bone to the superior mediastinum.
Cervical spine injury
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
Strong ligaments and cervical paraspinous muscles stabilize the C-spine, creating a physiologic lordosis (an arch in the spine). The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments originate at the occiput and run along the anterior and posterior aspects of the vertebral bodies. Posteriorly, the ligamentum flavum, interspinous, and supraspinous ligaments connect the laminae and stabilize the posterior elements of the vertebrae. A complex array of ligaments also join the C1 and C2 vertebrae to each other and to the occiput. The cruciate ligament attaches the dens to the occiput and the atlas. The transverse ligament of the atlas is the main stabilizer of the dens posteriorly inside the atlas. The right and left alar ligaments project from the dens superiorly to the occipital condyles (Figure 11.2).3
Head
Published in Harold Ellis, Adrian Kendal Dixon, Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden, Human Sectional Anatomy, 2017
Harold Ellis, Adrian Kendal Dixon, Bari M. Logan, David J. Bowden
Flexion and extension of the skull (nodding movements of the head) take place at the atlantooccipital joint between the upper facet of the lateral mass of the atlas (34) and the corresponding facet on the occipital bone. Rotation of the skull (looking to the left and right) takes place at the atlanto-axial articulation between the dens (33) and the facet on the anterior arch of the atlas (37). The transverse ligament of the atlas (32) is dense and is the principal structure in preventing posterior dislocation of the dens.
Odontoid calcification and crowned dens syndrome: data from a Chinese center
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Pei-Lin Lu, Zhong-Feng Niu, Chang-Wen Qiu, Xing-Yue Hu
Odontoid calcification are usually asymptomatic, some of them manifest as CDS. CDS used to be considered to be a relatively rare disease. There were several prior reports on the prevalence of odontoid calcification and CDS. In 2007, Goto et al. reported that CDS was diagnosed in 40 out of 2023 patients (1.9%) during 2.5 years who visited Senboku Kumiai General Hospital complaining of severe neck pain [4]. The prevalence of calcification of the transverse ligament of the atlas (TLA) and of CDS in patients with articular chondrocalcinosis was 71% (20/29) and 31% (9/29), respectively, [5]. The prevalence of odontoid calcification and CDS in CPPD patients was 34.7% (17/49) and 18.4% (9/49) [6]. According to these data, odontoid calcification with or without CDS is quite common, especially in patient with CPPD. The ratio of CDS over odontoid calcification in neurosurgical inpatient was 1:8 (11:88) [3], in our series, the ratio was 19:69, the difference of the ratio may be due to different population the data took from.