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The Ankle and Foot
Published in Louis Solomon, David Warwick, Selvadurai Nayagam, Apley and Solomon's Concise System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2014
Louis Solomon, David Warwick, Selvadurai Nayagam
Stress fractures of the second and third metatarsal bones are seen in young adults after unaccustomed activity. The affected metatarsal shaft feels thick and tender. The x-ray appearance is at first normal, but later shows fusiform callus around a fine transverse fracture. Similar fractures sometimes occur in elderly, osteoporotic patients who (for one reason or another) change their pattern of walking and weightbearing.
Investigating the relationship between spatiotemporal gait variability and falls self-efficacy in individuals with chronic stroke
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Mania Sheikh, Hossein Asghar Hosseini
Spatiotemporal measures of gait were collected using a conventional video camera (Sony HDR-XR350E, Japan). The validity and reliability of the video-based gait assessment are well established (Churchill, Halligan, and Wade, 2002; Soda, Carta, Formica, and Guglielmelli, 2009; Ugbolue et al., 2013). The test–retest reliability of spatiotemporal gait measures was excellent (ICCs between 0.85 and 0.91) in a subset of participants (n = 25) in the current study. The camera was located 5 m from the 8-m-long walkway and directed perpendicular to the walk-line. The field of view of the camera was the central 3 m of the walkway. Prior to data collection, reflective markers were attached to the selected anatomical landmarks of each foot (i.e., heel region and toe region between second and third metatarsal bones). Participants were instructed to perform six walking trials at a self-selected speed without their ordinary gait aid (if any). The rest time between walking trials was 30 s if needed. During walking trials, participants wore their regular shoes. The participants started and stopped walking a few steps before and after the walkway so that a steady-state walking was recorded. Data were sampled at 60 Hz. Walking speed was also calculated by measuring the time of crossing an 8-m walkway while participants walked at a self-selected speed. An average of the six measurements was obtained.