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Pain
Published in Michele Barletta, Jane Quandt, Rachel Reed, Equine Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2023
Jarred Williams, Katie Seabaugh, Molly Shepard, Dana Peroni
Location and method. A 22-gauge, 1-inch needle is inserted beneath the distal end of the second and fourth metacarpal bones and directed towards the palmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone to anesthetize the medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves. Desensitizes the medial and lateral palmar nerves and the medial and lateral palmar metacarpal nerves.A 25-gauge, 5/8-inch needle is inserted subcutaneously, along the dorsal aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon to anesthetize the medial and lateral palmar nerves. Desensitizes the fetlock and structures distal to it.
Upper Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo
Macalister (1875) notes that a split first dorsal interosseous muscle, with one part attaching to the thumb and the other to the index finger, occurs in about 1 out of 120 subjects (0.8%). In dissections of 25 hands, Bharambe et al. (2013) found an additional head of the second dorsal interosseous muscle in three upper limbs (12%) and additional heads of the second, third, and fourth dorsal interossei in one upper limb (4%). In dissections of 30 hands, Nayak et al. (2016) found supernumerary muscles that originated from the third metacarpal in three hands (10%), and the third dorsal interosseous muscle had three heads in one hand (3%).
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The metacarpals of the hand are equivalent to the metatarsals of the foot (see ankle and foot – bones). They are long slender bones with a body and two articulating ends. The first metacarpal is that of the thumb and it articulates with the trapezium of the wrist. The second metacarpal articulates with the trapezium and the trapezoid as well as the third metacarpal. The third metacarpal articulates with the capitate of the wrist and the second and fourth metacarpals. The fourth metacarpal articulates with the third and fifth metacarpals, the capitate, and the hamate. The fifth metacarpal articulates with the fourth metacarpal and the hamate.
Total wrist fusion versus total wrist prosthesis: a comparative study
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Luis Rodríguez-Nogué, Gregorio Martínez-Villén
Radiologically, the fusion of the radiocarpal joint united in 40 of the 41 cases. In three patients, we observed radiological changes due to loosening of the osteosynthesis plate and had to remove the implant (Figure 2). In two of them, the bone fusion had already taken place while in the third, an elderly woman reinfected with tuberculosis and with associated polypathology, the plate was removed and the wrist definitively protected with a rigid brace. In TWF group, there were three further complications: one patient suffered a superficial infection affecting the back of the hand with the fusion already consolidated, which was resolved through surgical debridement, removal of the implant and antibiotic therapy; one patient exhibited protrusion of the plate on the third metacarpal, which required removal of the implant; and another patient suffered a peri-implant fracture of the third metacarpal after a traffic accident, which required a new procedure to remove the fusion plate and stabilise the fracture.
Comparison of the effects of aerobic training alone versus aerobic training combined with clinical Pilates exercises on the functional and psychosocial status of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
The single leg stance test assesses the static balance, whereas the functional reach test evaluates dynamic balance and determines the limits of postural stability. For the single leg stance test, the patients were asked to stand on one leg barefoot for 60 s, with their eyes open, the other knee flexed, with hands were on their hips, and the hip in the neutral position. The test was repeated thrice on each foot, and the best time was used for analysis. The patients were allowed to rest between the measurements (Springer et al., 2007). For the functional reach test, the patient was asked to sit in an upright position, with feet separated from each other in a comfortable position; then, the dominant arm was made into a fist and flexed by 90° parallel to the wall of the tape measure, and the third metacarpal head was on the same level as the starting point of the tape. Then, the patient was then asked to reach the farthest distance without touching the wall or without stepping forward. The difference in the distance between the starting point and the end point was recorded in cm. The test was repeated 3 times, and the average of the distance was calculated (Duncan, Weiner, Chandler, and Studenski, 1990). A distance of ≤ 15 cm indicated a significantly increased risk of falling, and a distance between 15 and 25 cm indicated a moderate risk of falls in patients with AS (Isles, Choy, Steer, and Nitz, 2004).
Metacarpal reconstruction with a medial femoral condyle flap based on a 3D-printed model: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Manfred Schmidt, Matthias Holzbauer, Stefan M. Froschauer
If the size of the future free corticocancellous flap was verified, the same template was used to determine most suitable harvest site for a microvascular medial femoral condyle (MFC) flap. Moreover, resection line was directly marked by copying the contour of the 3D model. After harvesting the free MFC flap via an oscillating saw and chisels, the size of the 3D template and the flap perfectly matched (Figure 2). The corticocancellous vascularized flap was fixated in the metacarpal defect with two 2 mm fixed-angle locking plates. The flap was connected to the radial artery via an end-to-side anastomosis and an accompanying vein using a vein coupler. The procedure also contained extensive tenolysis of the extensor digitorum tendon and intraoperative mobilization of the metacarpophalangeal joint. Postoperative regimen included a thermoplastic splint for 6 weeks. Hand therapy was started after wound healing was finished and continued 6 months postoperatively. The normal length of the third metacarpal was reconstructed and bony union was obtained.