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Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
The ankle is formed by the tibia and fibular sitting on top of the talus. The articulation between these bones allows plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of the foot during walking, running, sitting, squatting and stepping.
Fractures of the talus
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Despite being the second most common fracture of the talus, they are frequently misdiagnosed as ankle sprains. Since it was first reported in 1943, the fracture has recently been termed “Snowboarder's ankle”. This relates to the high-energy mechanism of injury where there is forced impact upon a dorsiflexed ankle with the foot everted.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The talus is common to both the ankle and the foot, forming the distal part of the ankle joint and the proximal part of the subtalar joint. The distal ends of the tibia and fibula, the malleoli, form the proximal part of the ankle joint and can be used to approximate the ankle joint axis in vivo. The ankle joint axis passes just distal to the tips of the malleoli. According to Inman (1976), the ankle joint axis lies, on average, 5 mm distal to the tip of the medial malleolus, and 3 mm distal and 8 mm anterior to the tip of the lateral malleolus.
Partial talar replacement with a novel 3D printed prosthesis
Published in Computer Assisted Surgery, 2023
Yidong Cui, Bin Chen, Gang Wang, Juntao Wang, Ben Liu, Lei Zhu, Qingjia Xu
The talus has a unique structure, including being covered by approximately 60% articular cartilage and no muscle or tendon attachments. Therefore, blood vessels only travel in a limited area, which enables the talus to be a ‘lonely island’—lacking collateral circulation. The talus is prone to osteonecrosis when its vascular supply is disturbed. The structural features remind us that the less destroying the blood supply, the better the prognosis of the talus. In addition, all ligaments are destroyed in the TTR. Although the range of motion of the ankle is better than that of arthrodesis, ankle instability remains a potential problem. Considering these anatomical characteristics, our team suggested that partial talus replacement may be better than total talar replacement, especially for young and active patients with high demands for sport related activities. Partial talar replacement avoids aggressive destruction of the vascular supply and ligament stability is preserved, which alleviates the instability of ankle joint as much as possible. We believe that residual ligaments and capsules could provide sufficient stability. It is our opinion that, to some degree, the partial talar prosthesis is similar to unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and good long-term results without prominent osteoarthritic changes can be expected. However, replacement of partial talus trochlea has not been reported in the literature.
Modelling the complexity of the foot and ankle during human locomotion: the development and validation of a multi-segment foot model using biplanar videoradiography
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Jayishni N. Maharaj, Michael J. Rainbow, Andrew G. Cresswell, Sarah Kessler, Nicolai Konow, Dominic Gehring, Glen A. Lichtwark
We aligned the coordinate system of each rigid body such that when the model is in the anatomical position, the x-direction pointed anteriorly, the y-direction pointed superiorly and the z-direction to the right. The talus coordinate system was located at the midpoint between the medial and lateral malleoli markers, at vertical centre of the bone. The calcaneus coordinate system was located at the midpoint between the medial and lateral calcaneal markers, at vertical centre of the bone. The midfoot coordinate system was located at the midpoint between the navicular and fifth metatarsal base at the proximal aspect of the segment. The forefoot coordinate system was located at the second metatarsal base while the coordinate systems for the digits was located at the second proximal phalanx.
Simulated anterior translation and medial rotation of the talus affect ankle joint contact forces during vertical hopping
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Given that most ankle sprains occur during participation in sports that involve jumping and landing activities, there is a need to study the relationship between talus position and joint loads during activities that are more dynamic than gait. For example, a previous study reported that ankle joint reaction force during jump-landing motion reached almost 10 times body weight (Cleather et al. 2013) compared to about 4-6 times body weight during walking (Procter and Paul 1982; Valente et al. 2014). Studying more dynamic movements would also be important because abnormal talus alignments may also affect the directions of the vector components of the ankle joint force (e.g., shear force and compression force), which may have implications for abnormal loading and long-term musculoskeletal conditions such as ankle OA. However, little literature studies the influence of the talus alignment on ankle joint contact forces (AJF) during high-force dynamic tasks.