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Inferior heel pain
Published in Maneesh Bhatia, Essentials of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 2021
Dishan Singh, Shelain Patel, Karan Malhotra
The symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome may often be vague and poorly localised, but may include paraesthesia, dysesthesia or numbness in the medial or lateral sole of the foot in addition to inferior heel pain. Symptoms may worsen throughout the day and may be reported as cramping in nature. Pain may also radiate proximally.
The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
At heel strike, the knee is almost fully extended but rapidly flexes about 25° during the contact period (113,126,127) under the control of the quadriceps, which decelerates the limb and absorbs some of the energy of impact (117). As the knee flexes there is conjunct medial rotation of the tibia (61,62). As the lateral border of the foot contacts the ground, the foot is no longer free to rotate in space and the medial rotation of the tibia is driven across the ankle joint (via the horizontal fibers of its collateral ligaments) to the talus and is finally accommodated by pronation of the subtalar joint complex (121,128,129). The midtarsal joint thus gains its full range of motion (Sec. VI), so that the tarsus has maximal flexibility to adapt its shape to the contour of the ground. This maximizes its contact area and facilitates balance when this is most needed, early in the stance phase. During midstance and into the propulsive period, the opposite movements occur. The knee moves back toward full extension, rotating the tibia and talus laterally. This supínales the subtalar joints, which in turn restricts the pronation available to the midtarsal joint at its oblique axis (70,72,129). This is a prerequisite to “locking” the midtarsal joint, which is necessary to stabilize the foot during the propulsive phase. In this, the calcaneocuboid articulation is the functionally significant component.
The Musculoskeletal System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
The large bone located above the knee in the leg is the femur. The tibia is the largest bone below the knee, located in front of the fibula. The ankle bones or tarsals, the foot bones or metatarsals (literally, "after the tarsals"), and the toe bones or phalanges (singular: phalanx) complete the lower extremity. The upper extremity is composed of the collar bone or clavicle, which articulates with the wingbone or scapula, the long bone of the upper arm known as the humerus, the radius and ulna below the elbow and joining the wrist bone or carpais, the bones of the hand or metacarpals, and the phalanges of the fingers.
Findings in ancient Egyptian mummies from tomb KV64, Valley of the Kings, Luxor, with evidence of a rheumatic disease
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2023
LM Öhrström, R Seiler, S Bickel, F Rühli
The head of the mummy is almost completely skeletonized and separated from the body. Small areas of soft tissue are mainly found on the forehead, cheeks, and chin. From the neck, only the hyoid bone is preserved, with some thyroid cartilage and soft tissue remaining. All vertebrae are preserved; however, C1–C6 are skeletonized and separated from the rest of the body. The thorax, both arms, the abdomen, and the pelvis, including the left hip and part of the left thigh, are preserved and mainly mummified; the femur, however, is fractured in the distal third and the distal part including the knee joint is missing. The right fibula and tibia are mostly preserved, with the proximal ends of each bone (tibial plateau and fibular head) fractured and missing. Parts of the left skeletonized foot, namely, some loose tarsal bones and phalanges, are also preserved. The right femur is missing, while part of the skeletonized foot, including the talus, some loose tarsal bones, and some phalanges, are preserved.
Early tangential excision debulking after free latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction for soft tissue defects: presentation of three cases
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Hiroko Murakami, Kazuo Sato, Yuta Izawa, Tatsuhiko Muraoka, Yoshihiko Tsuchida
A 28-year-old man presented with a crush injury to the right foot after a heavy machine fell on his leg. Upon his arrival at the emergency room, his right foot was ischemic (Figure 1(A,B)). The patient was immediately transferred to the operating theater and underwent debridement and temporary K-wire fixation. Although there were multiple tarsal bone fractures and soft tissue defects, the patient’s main arteries and nerves were preserved. After several debridement procedures and bone fixation with plates, the soft tissue defect was 30 × 15 cm in size. On day 9 after injury, reconstruction was performed using free LD flap (Figure 1(C,D)). The donor vessel was interposed with T portion to the tibialis posterior (TP) artery. The thoracodorsal vein (TDV) was sutured to the accompanying vein of TP by end-to-end anastomosis. At 12 days after free flap reconstruction, the first tangential excision was performed. Following three tangential excisions in total, a split-thickness skin graft was performed using free flap skin. In this procedure, the skin was harvested from the ipsilateral thigh 4 weeks after free LD flap (Figure 1(E)). The grafted skin was completely obtained without interfering with the flap blood circulation.
A simple and effective 1D-element discrete-based method for computational bone remodeling
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Diego Quexada-Rodríguez, Kalenia Márquez-Flórez, Miguel Cerrolaza, Carlos Duque-Daza, Olfa Trabelsi, M.A Velasco, Salah Ramtani, Marie Christine Ho-Ba-Tho, Diego Garzón-Alvarado
The calcaneus bone is the largest tarsal bone and it is characterized by a cortex containing trabecular bone (Metcalf et al. 2018). Due to the mechanical stresses acting on the calcaneus, a set of trabecular groups are formed and play a crucial role in the biomechanics of this bone. These are important in orthopedic procedures and pathology treatments that compromise bone integrity such as in osteoarthritis therapy. The loading conditions were addressed as bone remodeling problems with the methodology proposed herein. The resulting trabecular groups resemble those seen in the calcaneus bone illustrated in Figure 16(c). As in the previous medical case, a set of main trabecular groups have been identified as displayed in Figure 16(b). These are in good agreement with anatomical studies regarding the biomechanics of calcaneus bone (Abboud 2018). The following trabecular motifs can be identified individually for the boundary conditions of (Belinha et al. 2012): thalamic group (1); inferior plantar group (2); anterior apophyseal group (3); anterior plantar group (4); posterior achillean group (5); and central triangular area of refracted bone (6). An aspect that calls attention in some of these groups is the appearance of single lines corresponding to long trabecular groups such as the anterior apophyseal group or the central triangular area of refracted bone; this “thinning” could mean that the particular group does not play a vital structural role for that specific case load.