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Examination of Foot and Ankle in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Mandeep Singh Dhillon, Pratik M. Rathod
The components of the ankle mortise are: Distal articular surface of the tibial plafond.Medial articular surface of the lateral malleolus.Lateral articular surface of the medial malleolus.
Fundamentals
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
To determine on which side of a segment a point lays, medial is used to indicate a point that is closer to the midline of the body, and lateral indicates that a point is further away from the midline. For example, the medial malleolus is the bone on the inside of the ankle, closer to the midline, and the lateral malleolus is the bone on the outside of the ankle, further away from the midline (see ankle and foot – bones). Finally, to indicate how close to the centre of a segment a point lies, the terms superficial and deep are used, such that skin is superficial to muscle.
Surface Anatomy
Published in Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis, Primary FRCA in a Box, 2019
Sarah Armstrong, Barry Clifton, Lionel Davis
Saphenous nerve (L3–L4) Supplies medial side of ankle jointInfiltrate 10 mL subcutaneously above the medial malleolus
Repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three methods for finding the mechanical axis of the human tibia
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Alexander Simileysky, Maury L. Hull
All methods for finding the center of the talocrural joint were executed using a MATLAB program. Each method started out by loading the full tibia point cloud into the program, then isolating all points that were within 50 mm above the most inferior point on the medial malleolus. The isolated points were plotted in the coronal view, and the points on the medial and lateral edges of the weight-bearing distal articular surface were selected (Figure 2). The medial edge was found at the start of the flat section where the medial malleolus ended, and the lateral edge was found at the end of the flat section where the bone began to curve upward. The coronal center point was computed as the midpoint between the two selected points in the coronal plane and used as a reference for determining which cross-sections would be isolated in the next steps.
Outcome of distal lower leg reconstruction with the propeller perforator flap in diabetic patients
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Kyubeom Kim, Junhyung Kim, Woonhyeok Jeong, Taehee Jo, Sang Woo Park, Jaehoon Choi
In all, 35 patients were included: 24 men and 11 women, with a mean age of 61 years (range = 30–79 years). Reconstruction was performed under general anesthesia in 29 patients and under spinal anesthesia in 6 patients. Of the patients, 20 had diabetes, 18 had hypertension, 11 had CRF, and 11 had diabetic neuropathy. The defects were in the lateral malleolus (n = 15), heel (n = 10), anterior tibia (n = 6), medial malleolus (n = 2), and foot dorsum (n = 2). The average defect size was 31 cm2 (range = 4–250 cm2). The causes of the defects were diabetic foot ulcer (n = 20), posttraumatic (n = 4), bursitis (n = 2), burn injury (n = 2), cellulitis (n = 2), oncological resection (n = 2), venous ulceration (n = 1), chronic ulceration (n = 1) and postoperative complication of orthopedic surgery (n = 1) (Table 1).
Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for idiopathic and neurogenic overactive bladder dysfunction: a four-year follow-up single-centre experience
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2021
K. Andersen, H. Kobberø, T. B. Pedersen, M. H. Poulsen
PTNS was applied according to Govier et al. [13]. The tibial nerve is located just anterior to the Achilles tendon cephalad to the medial malleolus [14]. PTNS is performed by placing a 34-G needle 3–5 cm cephalad to the medial malleolus and posterior to the tibia, at 60° [15]. A grounding pad is placed on the bottom of the foot, after which a low-voltage stimulator is attached to the needle. Correct needle placement is confirmed by observing dorsiflexion of the big toe or fanning of the toes, as well as a patient-reported sensation on the bottom of the foot. Stimulation is performed at 0.5–9.0 mA amplitude at a fixed frequency of 20 Hz and a set pulse width of 200 µs, based on patient sensation, motor response, and comfort [7,15]. The induction treatment course consists of 12 consecutive weekly sessions, for 30 minutes per session.