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Anatomy of the Forehead and Periocular Region
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Marcelo B. Antunes, Stephen A. Goldstein
The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve provides the sensory innervation to the upper third of the face. This nerve has two terminal branches, the supraorbital and the supratrochlear nerves. The supraorbital nerve passes through the supraorbital foramen, innervating the upper eyelid and then ascends on the forehead to innervate the lateral and superior parts of the forehead and the scalp. The supratrochlear nerve passes between the superior oblique muscle in the orbit and the supraorbital foramen and curves superiorly to innervate the skin of the inferior and central portion of the forehead (Figure 4.3).
Medical Negligence in Otorhinolaryngology
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Frontal sinus trephine may lead to supratrochlear nerve damage and indeed supraorbital nerve damage. Where there is significant oedema in the surgical area, most surgeons could understand how the supraorbital nerve might be stretched by retractors, or indeed cut. However, in a simple drainage procedure, there can be no excuse for extending the incision so far laterally as to divide the supraorbital nerve. The Lynch–Howarth procedure gives wider access to the frontal and ethmoid sinuses. In extensive disease it may be necessary to sacrifice the supraorbital and the supratrochlear nerve. This should be anticipated before the surgery and the patient warned. In addition, the patient should be warned of the possibility of double vision post-operatively due to the detachment of the trochlea.
The Bladder (BL)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Supratrochlear nerve (from frontal nerve, CN V1): Innervates the mucosal lining of the frontal sinus and the skin in the middle of the forehead. The supratrochlear nerve supplies the skin near the midline (GV channel) of the rostral scalp while the supraorbital nerve’s medial and lateral branches follow the BL line.
Spotlight on corneal neurotization
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
Giuseppe Giannaccare, Marco Pellegrini, Federico Bolognesi, Paolo Fogagnolo, Enrico Lupardi, Fabiana Allevi, Federico Bernabei, Alessandro Lozza, Christian Plazza, Claudio Marchetti, Vincenzo Scorcia, Federico Biglioli
The feasibility of ICN was reported by Elbaz [24] and Bains [25] who used sural nerve graft to connect contralateral supratrochlear nerve to the sub-Tenon’s corneal perilimbal area. After harvesting the sural nerve, the graft was reversed and tunneled subcutaneously over the nasal bridge through a small incision in the upper eyelid of the affected side. Then, a transverse incision inferior to the brow was executed to access the supratrochlear nerve on the healthy side. An epineural window was created in the contralateral supratrochlear nerve and the sural nerve branch was then juxtaposed with an end-to-side coaptation. The distal part of the sural graft was finally divided in each individual fascicle and then distributed in all four quadrants of the perilimbal area in the subconjunctival space and sutured with a 10–0 nylon suture. Lateral tarsorrhaphy was performed in all eyes to protect the ocular surface. In this case, an end-to-side coaptation was found to be the optimal option in order to preserve forehead sensation. The technique using a sural graft resulted to be more conservative, preventing the denervation of contralateral or ipsilateral forehead, and feasible also in bilateral NK cases that can occur in children (in association with other disorders including familial dysautonomia, Goldenhar–Gorlin syndrome, Moebius syndrome, and congenital sensitivity to pain with anhidrosis) or in adults. In these cases, an advanced imaging (X-ray) technique called magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to try and determine the cause of NK and the feasibility of CN. An MRI of the cranial nerves can sometimes show damage or compression of the trigeminal nerve, while an MRI of the brain may be ordered to rule out other conditions.
Greater occipital and supraorbital nerve blockade for the preventive treatment of migraine: a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2019
Duygu Özer, Cem Bölük, Ülkü Türk Börü, Deniz Altun, Mustafa Taşdemir, Cansu Köseoğlu Toksoy
Another study recorded SON and supratrochlear nerve blockade using lidocaine and adrenaline, resulted in an 82% success rate in alleviating pain in acute migraine attacks32. GON blockade is also used in the treatment of cluster headache with no adverse events10. In a double-blind placebo controlled study, results showed that 80% of cluster headache patients responded well to the bilateral GON injection33.
Corneal Neurotization: Review of a New Surgical Approach and Its Developments
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2019
Natalie Wolkow, Larissa A. Habib, Michael K. Yoon, Suzanne K. Freitag
Sepehripour et al.20 also successfully used a similar approach in a 2-year-old child to neurotize a cornea with a sural nerve graft. The child had a history of unilateral trigeminal nerve hypoplasia. The contralateral supratrochlear nerve was used as the sensory donor.