China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cortical Visual Loss
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
A less-studied aspect of face processing is the perception of dynamic social signals in faces, such as gaze, expression and even age. One older study suggested that a selective defect for facial expression occurred with left hemispheric lesions (250). However, monkey and functional imaging data suggest that impairments of these processes should be associated with damage to the right superior temporal sulcus (185, 228) and there is one report of a patient with damage to this area that affected the processing of facial expression selectively (251).
The recognition of human voice in deaf and hearing infants
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2022
Arnaud Coëz, Natalie Loundon, Isabelle Rouillon, Marine Parodi, Marion Blanchard, Sophie Achard, Eréa-Noël Garabédian, Eric Bizaguet, Tabassome Simon, Natacha Tessier, Françoise Denoyelle, Judit Gervain
The human voice is our species’ communicative signal and as such has utmost importance for survival. It is thus not surprising that dedicated brain areas are responsible for its processing. Studies carried out over the past 20 years have made it possible to describe these in detail, at least in healthy, hearing humans [12]. Typical studies have compared the processing of human voice (e.g. speaking, singing, humming, crying, laughter etc.) to other non-human sounds (e.g. cars honking, doors closing, leaves rattling etc.). Both voices and sounds induce bilateral brain activity along the superior temporal sulcus, but the response is greater to the voice than to non-voice stimuli. Indeed, the human voice recognition area has been identified in infants as young as 4–7 months of age [13]. Studies using fNIRS in 4- to 7-month-old babies found increased responses in left and right superior temporal cortex to human voice when compared to non-vocal sounds, suggesting that voice-sensitive brain systems emerge between 4 and 7 months of age [13]. Even earlier in development, experiments measuring changes in heart rate during the presentation of different voices demonstrate that newborns can discriminate voices and recognize the voices of their parents, an ability even present in foetuses before birth [14]. Furthermore, voice recognition has been successfully used to assess the effectiveness of cochlear implant outcomes in adults using PET [15].
Effects of Action Observation Therapy with Limited Visual Attention on Walking Ability in Stroke Patients
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2022
Junpei Tanabe, Motoyoshi Morishita
A cognitive approach, action observation therapy (AOT), for gait disorder of stroke patients are currently attracting attention. The AOT activates the mirror neuron system in the brain of the observer to mimic the action of a person observed directly or in a video (Ertelt et al., 2007; Rizzolatti et al., 1996). As regions responsible for this, the ventral premotor area, inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and superior temporal sulcus have been reported (Keysers & Perrett, 2004). Regarding the advantages of AOT, the observer simulates the movement during observation (Mulder, 2007) and efficient learning can be expected compared with that by general physical therapy (Pomeroy et al., 2005). In addition, it may strengthen the cortical network and activate the specific region of the cerebral cortex even in patients who find it difficult to move due to reduced physical function (Sarasso et al., 2005).
Cognitive, Neuroanatomical, and Genetic Predictors of Executive Function in Healthy Children and Adolescents
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2018
Jessica Pan, Kayle Sawyer, EmilyKate McDonough, Laura Slotpole, David Gansler
Temporal (language) regions included the bilateral banks of the superior temporal sulcus and the right inferior temporal gyrus. Contemporary models of language processing, including Hagoort’s (2005, 2013) memory, unification, and control theory of language, describe the importance of a brain-wide functional language network, which includes memory areas throughout the temporal lobe, unification areas in the left inferior frontal gyrus, and control areas in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The results of our LASSO regression were consistent with this literature, supporting the overlap of language and EF processes both cognitively and neuroanatomically. While some neuroanatomical predictors positively predicted task performance, others were negatively associated, perhaps implicating synaptic pruning during cortical maturation in this developmental cohort. Neuroimaging studies have suggested that different regions of the child and adolescent brain mature at different rates, with cortical volume peaking at different times. For example, Blakemore and Choudhury described in their (2006) literature review that while gray matter in frontal and parietal regions tend to peak at puberty, the temporal lobe cortices continued to increase in volume until late adolescence (approximately age 17). The mixed valences of nonzero coefficients for neuroanatomical variables are likely due to the wide range of participants’ ages, reflecting the average of multiple stages of brain maturation.