China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cortical Visual Loss
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Other types of motion perception can be affected by lesions elsewhere. Instead of local velocity signals, long-range integration of position data can give the impression of apparent or “high-level” motion perception, which is impaired by parietal rather than occipitotemporal lesions (372, 373). Perception of “biological motion” – for example, the walking motion seen from point sources of light attached to joints of an invisible body – is impaired by lesions of a more anterior region, the superior temporal polysensory area (374).
AI and Chronic Inflammation
Published in Louis J. Catania, AI for Immunology, 2021
Activation of inflammatory processes likely leads to changes in gait, posture, and mobility patterns. A machine learning (ML) study was conducted to determine the effect of inflammation on gait and motion in humans. During inflammation, compared to a control group, participants exhibited shorter, slower, and wider strides, less arm extension, less knee flexion, and a more downward-tilting head while walking. They were also slower and took a shorter first step in the timed-up-and-go test. Higher interleukin-6 concentrations, stronger sickness symptoms, and lower body temperature predicted the inflammation-related alterations in biological motion. These findings show that biological motion contains clear information about the inflammatory status of an individual, and may be used by peers or artificial intelligence to recognize that someone is sick or contagious.11
Assessment of visual processing functions and disorders
Published in John Ravenscroft, The Routledge Handbook of Visual Impairment, 2019
During the ophthalmological examinations, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity values remained as before. Eva could see slow-moving pictures (Pepi test) and biological motion (Walking Man test) but did not properly perceive and copy movements in gymnastics or perceive moving or distance of bicycles and cars on the street. Loss of high-speed motion made lip-reading difficult.
No Common Factor Underlying Decline of Visual Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2023
Simona Garobbio, Karin S. Pilz, Marina Kunchulia, Michael H. Herzog
Our results show a strong relationship between cognitive abilities and visual functions in general. The most promising visual tasks to detect early cognitive impairments are orientation discrimination, biological motion, motion detection and/or visual search. When performance in these tasks was compared between the MCI group and the healthy group, they showed a Cohen’s d effect size larger than 0.7. The same tasks showed the strongest correlations with the MoCa score (r > 0.3). It is difficult to conclude if our results are supported by previous studies because, to the best of our knowledge, there are only very few studies which tested perceptual tasks in older adults with mild cognitive decline. For example, in agreement with the current work, patients with mild cognitive impairment as well as patients with Alzheimer’s disease have been shown to perform worse in a visual search task compared to healthy older adults (Landy et al., 2015; Tales, Haworth, Nelson, Snowden, & Wilcock, 2005). However, in a study by Henry et al., (2012), patients with dementia, but not those with mild cognitive impairment, were impaired in a biological motion task. The difference to our findings, which did found impairments in biological motion perception in the MCI group, may be that in our study participants had to identify the walking direction and not actions (e.g., cycling, drinking).
Improving the conspicuity and safety of pedestrians and cyclists on night-time roads
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Biological motion describes the ability of the human visual system to recognise movement from only a limited array of visual stimuli. Johansson25 showed that when human motion is represented by point-light (PL) displays, with small lights attached to the major moveable joints of actors (ankles, knees, waist, shoulders, elbows, wrists), viewers could easily identify the moving human form, despite only seeing the PL displays against a dark background. Participants were also able to recognise the activities that the PL actors were engaged in, including walking, cycling, and dancing. A significant body of work has further explored the characteristics of biological motion. For example, based only on the motion information available in these PL displays, observers can recognise a PL person’s gender and emotions, estimate the weight of a lifted object from observing the lifting motion of the individual and even identify animals whose movements are represented in PL animations (see review by Blake and Shiffrar).26
What is the potential of neurostimulation in the treatment of motor symptoms in schizophrenia?
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020
Stephanie Lefebvre, Anastasia Pavlidou, Sebastian Walther
Likewise, deficits in biological motion; a process that involves the perception of movements initiated by a biological agent [38], have also been demonstrated in patients with schizophrenia. Biological motion is considered the hallmark of social cognition and correct processing of this process depends on the combination of past experiences derived from one’s own personal motor repertoire and what is actively being perceived [39,40]. When asked to distinguish between a point-light walker and its scrambled counterpart, schizophrenia patients displayed a reduction in hemodynamic response and µ rhythm in frontal (premotor, left inferior frontal gyrus and medial PFC) and posterior regions including the superior temporal sulcus compared to controls [41]. Deficits in one’s own repertoire might, in turn, be associated with deficits in functional outcome and everyday functioning in schizophrenia patients.