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Gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems
Published in Helen Butler, Neel Sharma, Tiago Villanueva, Student Success in Anatomy - SBAs and EMQs, 2022
11 Which of the following statements is true with regard to the appendix? It is supplied by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves from the superior mesenteric plexus.It lies behind the caecum in 5% of cases.It comprises taeniae coli similar to the caecum and colon.Options a, b and c are all incorrect.Options a, b and c are all correct.
Anatomy
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Reza Mirnezami, Alex H. Mirnezami
The transverse colon is completely peritonealised. It begins at the hepatic flexure and hangs downward suspended by the transverse mesocolon from the antero-inferior surface of the pancreas. It terminates at the splenic flexure in the left upper quadrant, becoming continuous with the descending colon. The splenic flexure lies higher than the hepatic flexure and is suspended from the diaphragm by the phrenico-colic ligament. The greater omentum, arising from the greater curvature of the stomach, covers the transverse colon. The inferior peritoneal coat of the omentum is adherent to the anterior surface of the transverse colon and the transverse mesocolon containing the middle colic vessels and lymphatics. These peritoneal layers can be divided so that the transverse colon and mesocolon can be freed from the omentum. The proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery via the middle colic arterial arcades. The distal third is supplied by the left ascending colic branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. Veins drain correspondingly into the superior and inferior mesenteric veins (the latter draining into the splenic vein). Nerve supply to the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon is via sympathetic and vagal nerves via the superior mesenteric plexus. The distal third is innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic pelvic splanchnic nerves via the inferior mesenteric plexus.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Published in Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita, Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
Visceral pain originates from the organs affected by cancer and is commonly expressed as vague, dull, aching, or pressurelike. Pain from internal organs mainly comes from the celiac plexus, the superior mesenteric plexus, the inferior mesenteric plexus, and the superior hypogastric plexus via the postganglionic neuron of the autonomic nerve system (Figure 47.4).
Stool dynamics after extrinsic nerve injury during right colectomy with extended D3-mesenterectomy
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021
Yngve Thorsen, Bojan V. Stimec, Jonas Christoffer Lindstrom, Tom Oresland, Dejan Ignjatovic
In surgery for colorectal cancer, the right colon represents a particular challenge. The right colon shares vessels (superior mesenteric artery [SMA] and vein [SMV]), lymphatics and extrinsic nerves (superior mesenteric plexus [SMP]) with the small bowel [1]. The traditional D2-mesenterectomy includes peripheral branches to the right colon with the surrounding lymph nodes [2]. The extended D3-mesenterectomy also removes the tissue with the lymph nodes around the superior mesenteric vessels [3]. Consequently, the SMP in the same area is removed. Since the small bowel continuity is preserved, the extrinsic nerves are affected, not the intrinsic nerves (i.e., enteric nervous system [ENS]).