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Assessment – Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam to Detect Macronutrient Deficiencies
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
Subcutaneous fat is the layer of adipose tissue widely distributed directly under the skin. This layer of padding acts as a shock absorber and an energy reserve. The amount of adipose tissue in different areas of the body varies depending on an individual’s nutritional state. There are four areas where subcutaneous fat deposition can be examined to identify malnutrition. These regions include the orbital and buccal fat pads, the biceps and triceps region in the upper arm, and the suprailiac skinfold above the iliac crest.
Weight Concerns
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
There are two kinds of body fat: subcutaneous fat and visceral (intra-abdominal) fat.Subcutaneous fat is the belly fat you can feel if you pinch excess skin and soft tissue around your middle. In most people, about 90% of body fat is subcutaneous, the kind that lies in a layer just beneath the skin.Visceral fat accumulates in your abdomen in the spaces surrounding the liver, intestines, and other organs. It’s also stored in the omentum, an apron-like flap of tissue that lies under the belly muscles and covers the intestines. Although visceral fat makes up only 10% of body fat, it is linked more strongly than subcutaneous fat to greater risk of serious health problems such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. No matter what your body shape or BMI, excess belly fat isn’t good for your health.
Questions for part F
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
A 91-year-old woman has a sacral pressure ulcer. There is full-thickness skin loss with exposure of some underlying subcutaneous fat. There is some slough at the base of the ulcer. Which classification would best describe this ulcer?Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3Stage 4Unclassifiable
Adipose tissue provides a cushioning effect in low-energy isolated blunt thoracic trauma: a prospective observational study
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2023
Talha Dogruyol, Sinem Dogruyol
The subcutaneous tissue over the thorax has been reported to be protective during trauma by only a single study in the literature. In that study, the authors investigated acute respiratory distress syndrome frequency in patients with critical trauma. However, the calculations to determine thoracic adiposity were based on only BMI values. The authors stated that an abundance of subcutaneous fat might provide a cushion and lessen pulmonary injury [4]. We found that patients with lower SATT measurements over the thorax had more TRI due to thoracic trauma. Besides, the length of stay for these patients was also significantly longer than those with higher SATT measurements. We believe that, just like in the abdominal region, the subcutaneous tissue over the thorax functions as a ‘cushion’ in blunt trauma. This subcutaneous tissue surrounding the thorax may act as a protective cover for the rigid thoracic structures.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the inter-recti distance on ultrasound measurement in nulliparas
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Three included studies carried out a methodological evaluation of measurements. The results indicated that the intra-rater agreement of measurement of the inter-recti distance demonstrated good to excellent reliability for at rest or during crunch, for measurement at the location of both the epigastric and infraumbilical areas. There were no significant differences between the novice and experienced sonographers’ measurements. The intra-rater intraclass correlation coefficients of the infraumbilical area were excellent (0.89–0.98) but slightly lower than those of epigastric measurements. This decreased accuracy at the infraumbilical area has been suggested to be due to the constitution of the rectus sheath affecting the formation of the linea alba and making identification of the borders more challenging. It has also been suggested that in the infraumbilical area, there is a reduced definition of the posterior layer of recti muscles and the presence of sizeable abdominal laxity. In addition, there is typically more subcutaneous fat in this region. The fatty deposits at the infraumbilical area may attenuate the sound beam to a greater extent, which can lead to reduced image clarity.
Women’s experiences of living with lipedema
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2022
Catharina Melander, Päivi Juuso, Malin Olsson
Lipedema is a chronic, progressive disease with an unknown etiology that almost exclusively affects women. The disease is underdiagnosed and often misdiagnosed as obesity or primary lymphedema. In lipedema, abnormal depositions of subcutaneous fat cause bilateral swelling and enlargement of the buttocks and legs, which develop slowly and gradually. Lipedema is associated with discomfort, bruising, and severe pain in affected areas, as well as limited mobility. Typically, the disease starts during or soon after puberty, but it can also start in connection to pregnancy or menopause. Since the progression of lipedema varies to a great extent, it is difficult not only to predict the course of the disease but also to control it. There are no easy solutions to treat lipedema. Conservative therapy is often used, which focuses on patient education, weight control, manual lymphatic drainage therapy, and compression therapy. Surgery, such as liposuction, may also play a part in the management of the disease. Lipedema is associated with both physical and psychological morbidity, making it vital to provide adequate care and support (Buck & Herbst, 2016; Forner-Cordero et al., 2012; Langendoen et al., 2009). Lipedema concerns the women’s health and the disease has no known geographical boundaries. While the hidden statistics are probably large, epidemiological studies suggest an approximately 10–15% prevalence in the female population worldwide (Buck & Herbst, 2016; Forner-Cordero et al., 2012).