China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fucoidan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Ellya Sinurat, Dina Fransiska, Nurhayati, Hari Eko Irianto
Fucoidan’s impact on aspirin-induced ulcers in rats was studied, taking biochemical and immunological characteristics into account. The state of glycogen storage in stomach tissue, as well as histological alterations, were investigated. In ulcer-induced rats, fundamental biochemical measures revealed considerable changes in aspartate (AST) transaminases and alanine (ALT) transaminases. In addition, there were minor changes in blood urea nitrogen levels and cholesterol. Glycogen storage is altered in oxyntic cells; histopathological analysis revealed neutrophil infiltration and inflammation. The immediate changes of ALT, AST, cytokines, and stomach glycogen were inhibited by fucoidan administration, which provided significant protection against ulcers. The fucoidan-pretreated group, on the other hand, had increased serum interferon (INF)-ʯ. These data imply that fucoidan’s anti-ulcer properties may help to protect the stomach mucosa from inflammatory cytokine mediated oxidative damage (Choi et al., 2010).
Deaths Due to Asphyxiant Gases
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Postmortem Findings: No specific finding was identified during the autopsy. The entire body and clothes were smeared with marshy foul-smelling materials of the sewage. Conjunctivas were congested. Finger nailbeds were intensely bluish (Figure 11.2). Lungs in all three cases were congested and edematous. Sub pleural hemorrhages of different sizes were present in all three cases (Figure 11.3). All internal organs were congested. The stomach mucosa of all the cases showed congestion (Figure 11.4). Along with routine viscera, blood under paraffin wax layer seal was also sent for chemical analysis in view of identification of dissolved sewer gas if any. Chemical analysis confirmed the presence of H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide) in the blood sample of all three cases. All the cases showed the presence of Ethyl Alcohol in blood samples too.
Cenostigma pyramidale: Ethnomedicinal Properties and Perspectives on A Legume Tree Highly Adapted to Semiarid ‘Caatinga’ Region
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Livia Maria Batista Vilela, Carlos André dos Santos-Silva, Ricardo Salas Roldan Filho, Silvany de Sousa Araújo, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto, Wilson Dias de Oliveira, Lidiane Lindinalva Barbosa Amorim, Valesca Pandolfi, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
Other relevant applications refer to the gastroprotective activity of C. pyramidale ethanolic extract in mice (Ribeiro et al. 2013). This study reported the inhibition of the development of chemical-induced ulcers and the increased protection of the stomach mucosa after intraduodenal administration in mice (at concentrations of 300 mg/kg of C. pyramidale ethanolic extract), when compared to the inhibitors cimetidine (100 mg/kg) and Omeprazole (30 mg/kg).
Novel N-methylsulfonyl-indole derivatives: biological activity and COX-2/5-LOX inhibitory effect with improved gastro protective profile and reduced cardio vascular risks
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
John N. Philoppes, Mohamed A. Abdelgawad, Mohammed A. S. Abourehab, Mohamed Sebak, Mostafa A. Darwish, Phoebe F. Lamie
Ulcerogenic susceptibility was assessed for the most selected candidates (5b and 4e) and compared to indomethacin using celecoxib as a standard. Before drug administration, rats were fasted for 18 h and then separated into four groups. The control group received a suspension of the vehicle (10% DMSO in saline was given P.O (100 mg/kg) once daily). Other groups were given candidates, celecoxib, and indomethacin, in accordance with the described methodology44. Rats were given the required dose for three consecutive days. Following the last dose, the stomachs of each rat were dissected and opened via the greater curvature and rinsed with saline. For investigation, the dissected stomach was stretched with pins on a cork board. Through illuminated magnifying lenses, the stomach mucosa was examined for the existence of ulcers. Cho and Ogle’s method45,46 was used to calculate the ulcer index.
Cohort profile: Nordic Helicobacter Pylori eradication project (NordHePEP)
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023
Anna-Klara Pettersson, Giola Santoni, Jacinth Yan, Cecilia Radkiewicz, Shaohua Xie, Helgi Birgisson, Eivind Ness-Jensen, My von Euler-Chelpin, Joonas H. Kauppila, Jesper Lagergren
HP infection can cause gastritis and gastric ulcerations and might develop into atrophy and metaplasia of the mucosa, and ultimately progress into invasive cancer [4]. A strong and causal association between HP infection and gastric adenocarcinoma is well established, with the World Health Organisation (WHO) classifying HP as a class I carcinogen and the single most carcinogenic infectious agent, responsible for approximately 770,000 gastric cancer deaths worldwide each year [5,6]. On the other hand, HP-associated gastric atrophy may counteract gastro-oesophageal reflux, the main risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma, by suppressing acid production of the parietal cells in the stomach mucosa. Consequently, HP infection is associated with a decreased risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma [7–9]. The decreasing gastric adenocarcinoma incidence and the concomitant rise in oesophageal adenocarcinoma incidence seen in many Western countries over the last decades could be partly attributable to the decrease in HP prevalence.
Clinical parameters associated with gastric portal hypertensive polyps
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
Florian Freimut Hildenbrand, Chantal Wohlwend, Stefanie von Felten, Ann-Katrin Rodewald, Fritz Ruprecht Murray, Frans Olivier The, Simon Bütikofer, Christoph Gubler, Bernhard Morell
Clinical characteristics including sex, age, etiology of liver cirrhosis (ALD, HCV, HBV, NASH, AIH, PBC, PSC, ‘other’, ‘cryptogenic’) and indication as well as number of gastroscopies were retrieved from the patients’ medical records according to a predefined protocol. Endoscopic images were reviewed by five expert endoscopists in order to confirm the presence of PHPs. A PHP was primarily defined as ‘macroscopically diagnosed PHP’ if a polyp displayed typical endoscopic features (distinct polypoid lesion, typically in the antrum and with fibrin cap in the context of PHG). An illustrative example of a portal-hypertensive polyp is depicted in Figure 1. If a polyp was classified as PHP, an additional image review was performed by another reviewer from the expert team. Where available, tissue samples from polyps were reviewed by a board certified pathologist (A.-K. Rodewald). Polyps were diagnosed as ‘microscopically PHP’ if microscopic features of polypoid changes of stomach mucosa with characteristics of chemical gastropathy (mucin depleted, tortous pits) often accompanied by mucosal edema, prominent mucosal blood vessels and variable lamina propria fibrosis were seen in the histopathological review.