China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Insect Venom Allergy
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
William H Bermingham, Alex G Richter, Mamidipudi T Krishna
Clinical symptoms following a sting are highly variable and difficult to predict. Symptoms presenting as part of a sting reaction are detailed in Table 23.2. Classification of reactions is not standardized. Examples of grading systems include those postulated by Mueller (1996), Cox et al (2010), Ring and Messmer (1977) and Muraro et al (2018). For the purposes of this chapter, we will refer to reactions as per the description detailed within the 2018 the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guidelines on venom immunotherapy (VIT) (Sturm et al. 2018).
Hymenoptera allergens
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Rafael I. Monsalve, Te Piao King, Miles Guralnick
Minimal treatment is necessary for local cutaneous reactions. The sting site should be kept clean to avoid secondary infections, and ice packs may help to reduce local pain and swelling. Large local reactions may cause considerable discomfort and are frequently treated with analgesics, antihistamines, and glucocorticosteroids. Systemic allergic reactions can be quite serious and occasionally fatal. They can be successfully treated with venom immunotherapy to prevent future reactions (see Chapter 29).
Allergy to Arthropods
Published in Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard, The Goddard Guide to Arthropods of Medical Importance, Seventh Edition, 2019
Gail Miriam Moraru, Jerome Goddard
Severe Local (or Large Local) Reaction. In the case of a large local reaction characterized by considerable swelling and tenderness around the sting site rest and elevation of the affected limb may be needed. The patient should avoid exercise because it may exacerbate the swelling. If the sting site is on or near the throat, nose, or eye area, or if there is widespread swelling, patients should definitely seek medical care. Treatment involves analgesics, topical high-potency steroids, oral antihistamines to relieve itching, and perhaps systemic steroids (such as prednisone) if swelling is severe.9,16 Superimposed infections such as cellulitis or septicemia, unusual with Hymenoptera envenomation, could require aggressive treatment that may include hospitalization and systemic antibiotics. If the offending arthropod is a biting fly such as a mosquito, cutaneous reactions may even be prevented by use of high-potency topical or oral antihistamines. One study demonstrated that persons who had previously had dramatic cutaneous reactions to mosquito bites, when taking cetirizine (Zyrtec®), had a 40% decrease in the size of the wheal response at 15 minutes and the size of the bite papule at 24 hours.17
Combined STING levels and CD103+ T cell infiltration have significant prognostic implications for patients with cervical cancer
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Arjan Kol, Joyce M. Lubbers, Anouk L.J. Terwindt, Hagma H. Workel, Annechien Plat, G. Bea A. Wisman, Joost Bart, Hans W. Nijman, Marco De Bruyn
The status at last follow-up significantly differed between patients with low and high STING in both groups (Table 1, p = .014 surgery and p = .041 RT/RCT group). Here, we observed that patients with low STING showed higher recurrence rates, more residual disease and increased disease-specific mortality compared with that of patients with high STING expression. As expected, having more advanced stage disease, patients included in the RT/RCT group had worse outcomes. Specifically, 112/255 RT/RCT group patients (43.92%) died of disease versus 42/251 (16.73%) in the surgery group. To follow up on these findings, we further explored the relation between STING and survival. As we determined the levels of STING in pretreatment material, we first assessed disease-specific survival (DSS) based on below and above median STING for all 506 patients (adjusted median of 200). High STING strongly associated with improved outcome over patients with low STING levels, irrespective of subsequent therapy (Supplemental figure S6, p = .000). In line, for both the surgery and the RT/RCT groups, we observed that DSS was significantly worse for patients with low STING (Figure 2c, p = .029 surgery, and 2D p = .046 RT/RCT group). Low STING was also significantly prognostic for worse disease-free survival (DFS) in both groups (Figure 2ep = .039 surgery, and 2 F, p = .026 RT/RCT group). We conclude that STING levels associated with prognosis of cervical cancer patients, in both early stage and locally advanced stage disease. Specifically, low levels of STING predicted worse survival outcome.
An 11-year analysis of peripheral nerve injuries in high school sports
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2019
Scott L. Zuckerman, Zachary Y. Kerr, Lauren Pierpoint, Paul Kirby, Khoi D. Than, Thomas J. Wilson
Of the few in which additional specific diagnoses were provided by athletic trainers, upper extremity stingers were most common, aligning with previous studies [29]. These injuries are the result of stretch, compression, or blunt trauma to the proximal brachial plexus or more distal peripheral nerves [16,39]. Symptoms last anywhere from seconds to minutes and include tingling, numbness, burning, and weakness [27]. However, symptoms including weakness can persist, lasting anywhere from days to weeks [16,17,34,36,40]. These injuries should not be overlooked or trivialized. Symptoms can turn chronic and even require surgery [16]. Any persistent symptoms certainly warrant evaluation by a peripheral nerve specialist.
Current concepts review: peripheral neuropathies of the shoulder in the young athlete
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2020
Tamara S. John, Felicity Fishman, Melinda S. Sharkey, Cordelia W. Carter
Stingers are injuries of the proximal brachial plexus and/or cervical nerve roots which occur commonly in competitive athletes, particularly those participating in contact sports such as American football, ice hockey, and rugby. While the incidence of stingers amongst American football players has previously been estimated to range from 50 to 65%, a recent study of male football players from 57 NCAA programs found only 229 stingers reported during the 6-year study period, for an overall injury rate of 2.04/10,000 athlete-exposures [1,2]. Direct player contact, particularly during tackling and blocking activities, accounted for 93% of these injuries.