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Autopsy of Asphyxiation, Suffocation and Neck Pressure Deaths
Published in Burkhard Madea, Asphyxiation, Suffocation,and Neck Pressure Deaths, 2020
Jayantha C. Herath, Michael S. Pollanen
The upper part of the initial Y-incision can be extended up to the tops of the shoulders [1] and reflect the triangular neck flap up over the face (Figures 10.8 and 10.9). The incision from the tops of the shoulders can be further extended up to the mastoid areas making a rhomboid-shaped flap. The anterior skin layer of the neck can be reflected with the platysma. After reflection of the skin and the platysma, the superficial layer of the strap muscles can be observed for injuries and photographed (Figure 10.10). The sternocleidomastoid muscles run along the sides of the neck with the carotid and jugular sheath just underneath. The paired sternohyoid muscles are located centrally. The lower attachments of each of the outer layer muscles can be cut and reflected upwards, leaving the upper attachments intact (Figure 10.11).
Thyroidectomy
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie, Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Ricard Simo, Iain J. Nixon, Ralph P. Tufano
Lateral retraction of the sternohyoid muscle allows access to the sternothyroid muscle. This should again be grasped with atraumatic forceps. Medial traction on the thyroid gland allows dissection of the muscle from the surface of the gland. Attention should be paid to this plane, which is elevated close to the muscle. Evidence of extrathyroid extension at this point should alert the surgeon to the advanced local stage and will alter the approach to the gland. If extrathyroid extension into the straps is evident, the muscle should be excised by dividing above and below the gland.
Head and neck
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Attachments of sternohyoid muscle– origin: manubrium– insertion: hyoid bone– nerve SS: ansa cervicalis C1–3– function: depress hyoid bone
Electrophysiological predictors of hyperfunctional dysphonia
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Agata Szkiełkowska, Paulina Krasnodębska, Andrzej Mitas, Monika Bugdol, Marcin Bugdol, Patrycja Romaniszyn-Kania, Anita Pollak
To secure objective measures of the activity of the muscles surrounding the larynx and obtain parameters describing muscle work during phonation, superficial electromyography (SEMG) of specific neck muscles was performed in all subjects. The SEMG study protocol included simultaneous recording of potentials using a 4-channel Neurosoft EMG apparatus. The selected muscles were: (1) submentalis muscles (anterior belly of digastricus muscle, geniohyoid); (2) left cricothyroid muscle (along with the overlying superior belly of sternohyoid muscle); and (3) left and right sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). The procedure and the nomenclature of the examined regions were in accord with previously published diagnostic standards [1,2,9]. SEMG parameters were evaluated during rest, saliva swallowing, free phonation/a/, and glissando/a/(from low to high frequencies). The whole part of the EMG waveform was analyzed, covering an increase in muscle activity during each task. The amplitude of the studied muscle was analyzed, as well as symmetry from comparison of amplitudes of the right and left SCM.
Narirutin-rich fraction from grape fruit peel protects against transient cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Paresh Patel, Kalyani Barve, Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
Rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of thiopentone (50 mg/kg) and fixed in a supine position. A midline incision was made to expose both common carotid arteries. Between the sternocleidomastoid and the sternohyoid muscles parallel to the trachea, a dissection was made. Each carotid artery was carefully separated, maintained, and freed from its adventitial sheath and vagus nerve. Global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion was induced by transient bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (tBCCAO). The common carotid arteries were occluded with clamps for 30 mins followed by 24 h reperfusion. The skin was closed with stitches using waxed silk suture [20]. During the BCCAO, animals were observed for the following criteria: maintenance of dilated pupils, absence of a cornea reflex when exposed to strong light stimulation, and maintenance of rectal temperature at (37°C ± 0.5). Animals that did not match these criteria and showed seizures were excluded from study. Sham control animals received surgery, without BCCAO. After the completion of reperfusion period of 24 h, animals were assessed for neurological outcome and then sacrificed for biochemical and histological assessments.
Voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy with the infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Changjiang Li, Yi Fang, Haitao Wu, Min Shu, Lei Cheng, Peijie He
Incisions of total laryngectomy and cervical lymph node dissection were designed in advance (Figure 1(a)). After completion of the ipsilateral modified radical or selective neck dissection, an infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap was harvested from the contralateral side to ensure the safety of the flap [5]. The harvesting did not technically interfere with the extent of the neck dissection. Four patients who had lymph node metastasis underwent ipsilateral modified radical lymph node dissection, while the remaining 14 patients underwent selective neck dissection. The infrahyoid musculocutaneous flap harvested was composed of the sternohyoid muscle, the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle, and the sternothyroid muscle. The flap was oval-shaped in the vertical position, and the skin paddle was fitted and included in the incision made for unilateral or bilateral neck dissection. The medial edge of the flap was set at the midline; the upper edge, at the level of the incisura cartilago thyreoidea; the lower edge, at inferior margin of cricoid cartilage; and the lateral edge, at a distance of 3 cm from the midline. A trachea was opened and a ‘U-shaped’ tracheal flap was created between the third and fourth tracheal rings, under the thyroid isthmus. The length of the pronunciation tube created was about 4–5 cm.