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Upper Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo
Pectoralis major has three heads. The clavicular head originates from the medial half of the clavicle (Standring 2016). The sternocostal head originates from the body of the sternum and the second through sixth costal cartilages (Standring 2016). The abdominal or rectus head originates from the external oblique aponeurosis (Standring 2016). The muscle inserts via a tendon onto the humerus at the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus (Standring 2016).
Hybrid Approach to Repair of Acquired Thoracic Dystrophy in an Adult Patient after Failed Childhood Ravitch Procedure
Published in Wickii T. Vigneswaran, Thoracic Surgery, 2019
After deflating the right lung, a 5 mm thoracoscope placed through the fifth intercostal space in the midaxillary line was used to evaluate the thoracic cavity. Internally, the right sternocostal junctions were severely depressed, displaced, and angulated. Significant compression of the anterior wall of the right ventricle by the sternum was also observed. The left chest was evaluated with a 5 mm thoracoscope in a similar manner.
General plastic
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Attachments – The muscle has sternocostal (upper six ribs) and clavicular heads, which combine to insert into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. The upper portion of the sternocostal is usually left intact.
Muscle flaps for sternoclavicular joint septic arthritis
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Barkat Ali, Timothy R. Petersen, Anil Shetty, Christopher Demas, Jess D. Schwartz
The postoperative functional deficits following pectoralis muscle transfer were once considered minimal [17–19]. Functional outcomes of the shoulder after flap have been studied utilizing the QuickDash tool and no deficits have been reported [20]. This is because the upper sternocostal unit is an independent functional unit [21]. The clavicular head helps medial arm rotation when the arm is in a neutral position, while the sternocostal part assists with medial rotation when in adduction. Loss of the clavicular segment of the pectoralis major muscle may decrease the ability to touch the contralateral shoulder without simultaneous arm adduction. However, since the pectoralis major muscle works simultaneously with other shoulder muscles, it does not cause any shoulder instability [22]. None of our patients reported any major shoulder functional deficit at an average follow up of 31 months.
Everything pectoralis major: from repair to transfer
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2020
Kamali Thompson, Young Kwon, Evan Flatow, Laith Jazrawi, Eric Strauss, Michael Alaia
The sternocostal head is the larger of the two muscles, making up 80% of the entire muscle volume and is composed of seven overlapping segments [3,27,32] (Figure 1). The sternocostal head originates from the second to sixth rib and the costal margin of the sternum with the fibers running upward and laterally. The inferior fibers of the pectoralis major are innervated by the medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1), which exits the medial cord of the brachial plexus, travels with the lateral thoracic artery to pierce the pectoralis minor at the midclavicular line and enters the pectoralis major at a mean of 11.0 cm medial to the humeral insertion (95% confidence interval 8.6–15.3 cm) and 2 cm proximal to the inferior edge [4,20,30]. Its’ primary role is the forward elevation of the humerus, as well as internal rotation, horizontal adduction, and extension. Tendons from both muscular heads converge laterally and insert on to the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus and the anterior lip of the deltoid tuberosity [30]. The crossing of the tendons occurs as the inferior sternocostal head rotates 180° transforming it into the posterior lamina, while the clavicular head becomes the anterior lamina [33].
Pain and affective distress in arthritis: relationship to immunity and inflammation
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2019
Manfred Harth, Warren R. Nielson
Pain in AS has both inflammatory and neuropathic components [71]. The pain is initially in the low back but may eventually affect the thoracic and cervical spine. The pain is often nocturnal and is associated with morning stiffness. Pain in the anterior chest wall occurs early in the disease in more than 40% of cases due to involvement of the manubriosternal, sternoclavicular, and sternocostal joints.