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Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Ointments contain little or no water and consist of organic hydrocarbons, alcohols and acids. These are greasy and form an impermeable layer over the skin, which prevents evaporation of water. Examples include: White soft paraffinUK/petrolatumUSA (Vaseline).Emulsifying ointment.UKLanolin (6% wool fat purified from sheep wool, 94% paraffins).
Eczema (dermatitis)
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Other examples include allergy to chemicals in rubber, e.g. mercaptobenzthiazole (MBT) and thiouram. Allergies to lanolin (in sheep-wool fat and in many ointments and creams) and to perfumes can cause dermatitis after the wearing of cosmetics. Modern-day ‘lanolin’ is much less of a problem because the potent allergenic components of natural wool have been removed during purification. Lanolin, ethylenediamine, Vioform, neomycin fragrances, and local anaesthetics are amongst the many substances that may cause dermatitis after using in a cream or an ointment (dermatitis medicamentosa). Dyes (such as the black hair dye paraphenylenediamine) can also be the cause of allergic contact dermatitis (Figure 8.14). Some materials are notorious for causing sensitivity and are not often used topically because of this, e.g. penicillin and sulfonamides.
The late Middle Ages
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Lanolin (from the Latin lana, wool and oleum, oil) was also used extensively as a base for ointments. John of Arderne mentioned lanolin in his De Arte Phisicali et de Cirurgia. Sir D’Arcy Power quoted a crude method of obtaining lanolin from Arderne’s ‘Treatises on Fistula’: ‘Lana succida [is] wolle that groweth atwixt the legges of an ewe, about the udder, full of sweat, not washed’ (1922 p. 9). Lanolin was known as ‘oesypum’ in Hippocratic medicine and was defined as the sordes (dirty sweat) of unwashed wool. Dioscorides described how it was prepared by collecting the scum from the surface of water. He advised the use of lanolin (wool fat or oil) for treatment of vulval ulcers and as an emmenagogue and oxytocic (Gunther, 1959 pp. 112–3). Lanolin is still obtained from sheep wool and contains a mixture of oleate, palmitate and stearate of cholesterol.
Chitosan caged liposomes for improving oral bioavailability of rivaroxaban: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Maged K. Elsayad, Hammam A. Mowafy, Alaa A Zaky, Ahmed M. Samy
RVX was kindly supplied by Al Andalous Pharmaceutical Industries Co., Cairo, Egypt. Phospholipid (PL), Lipoid S PC, injection grade phosphatidylcholine from soybean was a generous gift from Lipoid GmbH, Germany. Chitosan (CS), Low molecular weight (mol wt 50,000-190,000 Da, based on viscosity), degree of deacylation ≥ 75%, and Cholesterol (CH), from sheep wool, Sigma grade, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Saint Louis. Tween 80 (T80) and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), Molecular weight 78.13, minimum assay 99% were supplied by Alpha Chemika Co., Mumbai, India. Span 80 (S80) was supplied by Oxford Lab Chem Co., India. Methanol Analar was obtained from SD Fine-Chem limited, Mumbai, India. Chloroform was supplied by Honeywell Specialty Chemicals Seelze GmbH, Seelze, Germany. Glacial acetic acid was obtained from Research Lab Fine Chem Industries, Mumbai, India. All reagents were analytical grade and used without further purification.
Evaluation of suitability and detection range of fluorescent dye-loaded nanoliposomes for sensitive and rapid sensing of wide ranging osmolarities
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2023
Debjyoti Roy, Gangaram H. S. Udugiri, Sudhir H. Ranganath
Phosphatidylcholine (PC; L-α-phosphatidylcholine in chloroform solution; #840051 C) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc (Alabaster, AL). Cholesterol (from sheep wool; in powder form), chloroform (with 100–200 ppm amylenes as a stabilizer), calcein (#C0875), and sulforhodamine B 101 (#S7635) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO). Analytical grade salts CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, KH2PO4, Na2HPO4, and NaCl, Yeast extract powder (#RM027), Peptone (#RM001), Dextrose (#GRM077), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC® 2601) were obtained from HiMedia (India) and Tris was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sephadex G-50 beads (#G50150) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich, India.
Optimization of prednisolone-loaded long-circulating liposomes via application of Quality by Design (QbD) approach
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2018
Bianca Sylvester, Alina Porfire, Dana-Maria Muntean, Laurian Vlase, Lavinia Lupuţ, Emilia Licarete, Alina Sesarman, Marius Costel Alupei, Manuela Banciu, Marcela Achim, Ioan Tomuţă
Prednisolone sodium phosphate was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). The phospholipids used for liposome preparation: 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and N-(carbonyl methoxypolyethylenglycol-2000)–1,2-distearoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (Na-salt; MPEG-2000-DSPE) were purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany). Cholesterol (CHO) from sheep wool was provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). All the other reagents used were of analytic grade purity, commercially available.