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Disorders of Keratinization and Other Genodermatoses
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Roselyn Stanger, Nanette Silverberg
Management: Patients with ichthyosis vulgaris or other conditions associated with having “dry” or “sensitive” skin should be diligent about establishing good skin care routines. This means showering or bathing only once a day, for 5–10 minutes, with lukewarm water. This can be challenging in the summertime when patients are often taking multiple showers a day. Bath products should be fragrance free and designed for sensitive skin. Harsh soaps should be avoided. After the bath or shower, patients should pat dry with a towel, as opposed to harsh scrubbing or rubbing of the skin, and apply moisturizer right away. In general, patients should try to apply moisturizers twice a day. The “greasier” moisturizers, such as petrolatum, are typically the most effective, but the “best” are the ones that patients will actually comply with using. Creams can be lighter and easier to apply in the summer. Lotions can be more comfortable for areas with lots of terminal hairs, such as the chest of men. If the patient lives in centrally heated rooms, then humidifiers can raise the relative humidity. There are some current data supporting the use of biologic agents in the setting of ichthyosis, specifically secukinumab, which has been described as having beneficial effects on symptoms and appearance.
Common Cosmetic Ingredients: Chemistry, Actions, Safety and Products
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Suitability of products for sensitive skin depends on the safety profile of all the individual ingredients. In general, skin care products and cosmetics are well tolerated in the wider community, however, they may cause adverse skin reactions in a small number of individuals. Adverse reactions include dermatitis, acneform reactions and allergy. Symptoms of adverse skin reactions include erythema, rash, itch, urticaria, stinging and burning. The most commonly reported adverse reactions are minor and will generally cease once the product is discontinued. In a small number of individuals there is potential for cross-reactivity between many different products (status cosmeticus). Except in the most severe of cases, adverse reactions do not occur with initial use of the product, but slowly develop over time with repeated, cumulative application. Therefore, even skin care products and cosmetics that consumers have been safely using for long periods of time can be the cause of sensitisation.
Sensitive Skin and Eczematous Dermatoses
Published in Golara Honari, Rosa M. Andersen, Howard Maibach, Sensitive Skin Syndrome, 2017
Arun C. Inamadar, Aparna Palit
Sensitive skin is defined as a “skin less tolerant to frequent and prolonged use of cosmetics and toiletries and is self diagnosed, unaccompanied by any evident physical signs of irritation” (1). Currently, sensitive skin is a commonly encountered entity among cosmetic consumers and professionals. Sensitive skin subjects have been described as “people complaining of severe sensations of discomfort such as burning, stinging or itching after application of cosmetics or toiletries, such as sunscreens and soaps without any clinical stigmata like scaling, induration and/or erythema that would be expected in known inflammatory or allergic processes” (2).
Ruxolitinib cream for the short-term treatment of mild-moderate atopic dermatitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2023
Piotr K Krajewski, Jacek C Szepietowski
The first-line anti-inflammatory treatment for mild to moderate AD exacerbations are topical glucocorticosteroids (TCS). TCSs, in combination with emollients, provide excellent, fast resolution of skin lesions with a significant reduction of subjective symptoms [3]. Moreover, the application of TCSs reduces skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus [1]. The type of TCS is chosen depending on the severity of AD, location of skin lesions, patient age, drug vehicle, and product registration. TCSs are fast, easy to use, effective, and relatively cheap drugs and, therefore, are frequently overused. Consequently, it is essential to remember that prolonged or inadequate use of TCSs may result in side effects. Prolonged use of high potency TCS is associated with skin atrophy, telangiectasias, hypertrichosis, dyspigmentation, perioral dermatitis, or tachyphylaxis [1–3,31]. These symptoms may be even more pronounced in sensitive skin areas (e.g. face, skin folds) or children. Hence, therapy should be supervised by a qualified dermatologist [1–3]. It is also worth underlining that more than half of the patients present with steroid phobia and, if not properly educated, may never use the prescribed TCSs [32].
Microencapsulation of retinyl palmitate by melt dispersion for cosmetic application
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Aditi Nandy, Eliza Lee, Abhyuday Mandal, Raha Saremi, Suraj Sharma
In this study, we investigated a novel approach of melt dispersion to microencapsulate RP with a view to making the cosmetic formulation sustainable as well as cost-effective. Melt dispersion is an inexpensive and convenient method that can produce free-flowing particles with mean size range of 50–150 µm (Djordjević et al.2015). This size range is suitable for cosmetic applications. Melt dispersion method has not been explored before to microencapsulate retinoids, possibly because the process involves heating and melting of encapsulation materials. However, waxes have been previously used to encapsulate bioactive compound, including heat-sensitive ones (Bodmeier et al.1992). Natural waxes such as beeswax can provide anti-inflammatory, skin softening and skin healing properties, whereas carnauba wax helps provide protective skin barrier. Using natural ingredients in cosmetic formulation can provide skin benefits, without incorporating auxiliary solvents or chemicals that can have adverse side effects on sensitive skin. Other encapsulation methods such as coacervation, ionic gelation or inclusion complexation often require the use of stabilizers/crosslinking agents or expensive methods of preparation. From this perspective, in order to encapsulate active ingredient such as retinoids, melt dispersion can be an economical and eco-friendly method to impart skin- benefits of retinyl palmitate as well as natural waxes, with minimum use of synthetic chemicals.
Clinical utility of marketing terms used for over-the-counter dermatologic products
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2018
While many dermatologists are aware that cosmetic products labeled ‘unscented’ often contain masking fragrances, many clinicians also erroneously believe that products labeled ‘fragrance-free’ are also devoid of all fragrance agents (3). Because there is no federal regulation or legal definition of the term ‘fragrance-free’, cosmetic products may neglect to label any of the thousands of fragrances in ingredient lists as such (1). One study evaluating allergens in moisturizers found that 16% of moisturizers labeled as ‘fragrance-free’ contained fragrance chemicals, essential oils, or biologic additives with allergenic potential (5). Another study tested both ‘fragrance-free’ and fragrance-containing cleansers on patients with sensitive skin and found no difference in irritation, itching, erythema, or desquamation (6).