China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Rectus femoris is one component of quadriceps femoris. It has a dual origin, arising from the anterior inferior iliac spine and from the area just above the acetabulum (Standring 2016). Some fibers originate from the capsule of the hip joint (Standring 2016). The muscle ends in a tendon that inserts onto the base of the patella (Standring 2016).
Examination of a Child with Cerebral Palsy
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Clinical methods of assessing rectus femoris tightness: The Duncan–Ely test: The patient is positioned prone with knees kept in extension. The knee joint is passively flexed on the side of examination by the examiner. Normally, there is no motion of the hip or pelvis while the knee flexes completely. In patients with rectus femoris contracture, complete passive knee flexion results in involuntary flexion at the hip, elevating the buttocks off the examination table (Figure 13.8). The disadvantage of this test is that it is not specific for rectus femoris in patients with hip flexion contracture secondary to iliopsoas tightness.Rectus grab: The patient is positioned supine, and the knee is rapidly flexed. If the examiner feels resistance to flexion, then the test is positive, and the rectus is spastic. The positive grab along with increased popliteal angle is an indication for distal hamstring lengthening with simultaneous rectus femoris transfer.
Electromyograms
Published in A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto, Mechano-Electric Correlations in the Human Physiological System, 2021
A. Bakiya, K. Kamalanand, R. L. J. De Britto
In pennate muscles, the tendons run throughout the length of the muscles. Further, they are categorized into three types: unipennate (all the fascicles are on the same side of the tendon), bipennate (fascicles lie on either side of the tendon) and multipennate (central tendon branches within a pennate muscle). The rectus femoris is a pennate muscle found in thigh.
Effects of backrest and seat-pan inclination of tractor seat on biomechanical characteristics of lumbar, abdomen, leg and spine
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Qichao Wang, Yihuan Huo, Zheng Xu, Wenjie Zhang, Yujun Shang, Hongmei Xu
In this study, the muscles with high activities, including gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, Rectus femoris, iliopsoas, vastus lateralis and sartorius, were analyzed, and those muscles with low activities or small muscle tissues were not taken into account. Gluteus maximus has a wide and thick quadrilateral shape, and mainly drives the extension and external rotation of the thigh. Semitendinosus is located at the back of the thigh and helps the extension of the hip joint and bending of the knee joint. Rectus femoris is located in the front of the thigh, whose main function is to extend the knee joint and bend the thigh. Iliopsoas is composed of psoas major muscle and iliacus, which is mainly responsible for the external rotation of the thigh and forward flexion of the pelvis and trunk. The sartorius is flat and banded, and is one of the longest in the leg muscles, starting from the anterior superior iliac spine, passing through the inner side of the knee joint, and finally to the inner side of the upper end of the tibia. The main function of sartorius is for the bending of the hip and knee.
Association of gross motor function and activities of daily living with muscle mass of the trunk and lower extremity muscles, range of motion, and spasticity in children and adults with cerebral palsy
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Mitsuhiro Masaki, Honoka Isobe, Yuki Uchikawa, Mami Okamoto, Yoshie Chiyoda, Yuki Katsuhara, Kunio Mino, Kaori Aoyama, Tatsuya Nishi, Yasushi Ando
Our results showed that gross motor function and ADL were not associated with the thickness of the hip and ankle joint muscles. This finding suggested that the actions of trunk muscles such as the thoracic erector spinae and rectus abdominis muscles and knee joint muscles such as the vastus lateralis muscle are more important than those of the hip and ankle joint muscles for gross motor function and ADL in children and adults with CP. Moreover, previous studies have demonstrated the effects of strength training interventions in children and adults with CP. Strength training of the trunk muscles improved the thicknesses of the rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, internus abdominis, and transversus abdominis muscles in children with CP.37 Additionally, strength training of the lower extremity muscles led to improved cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris muscle in children and adults with CP.38 Thus, strength training in addition to increased amount of exercise in daily living may be necessary to improve or maintain the thickness of the trunk and lower extremity muscles such as the thoracic erector spinae, rectus abdominis, and vastus lateralis muscles in children and adults with CP. Considering the clinical usefulness of the present study, the thickness of the trunk and lower extremity muscles should be measured regularly using an ultrasound imaging device (e.g., once yearly), if possible, in children and adults with CP.
Applying Supra- or Sub-Threshold Plantar Vibrations Increases the Toe Clearance While Stepping over an Obstacle
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2022
Huiyan Song, Zhuo Wang, Ka-Chun Siu, Jung Hung Chien
An increase of the toe clearance could be attributed to the increase in hip flexion, knee flexion, or ankle dorsiflexion at the moment when the toe crosses the obstacle. However, in the present study, only a larger hip flexion was observed with the increase of toe clearance when implementing plantar vibrations. This could be explained by the unique role of the rectus femoris during the swing phase. The rectus femoris acts as a knee extensor for load bearing during the stance phase and a hip flexor to propel the limb forward during the swing phase. Higher toe clearance induces more rectus femoris muscles involved compared to other muscle groups when walking through different surface compliances (Watanabe, 2018). Similarly, when walking on an inclined surface (similar to stepping over an obstacle in our unpublished data), the rectus femoris is activated more at its proximal region than the distal region during swing phase (Watanabe et al., 2014). Therefore, this might be why we only observed changes in the hip joint but not in other joints when implementing plantar vibration. This interesting finding might have two-fold meanings: 1) during the swing phase, the hip joint was the primary joint to lead the movement of the entire leg, and 2) plantar vibrations led to the higher force generated from the leg on the ground allowed larger hip joint flexion on the other leg to increase the toe clearance.