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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
The vasti may be bilaminar (Macalister 1875; Knott 1883b; Bergman et al. 1988; du Plessis and Loukas 2016). The vasti may be continuous with rectus femoris (Mori 1964; Bergman et al. 1988; du Plessis and Loukas 2016). Vastus medialis is often fused with vastus intermedius (Macalister 1875; Mori 1964). The vasti may merge into one fleshy muscle mass (Bergman et al. 1988). The entire quadriceps femoris muscle may be absent (Bergman et al. 1988). Its lower fibers may have a separate insertion into the medial condyle of the tibia (Macalister 1875). Vastus medialis obliquus (the inferior portion of the muscle) can vary in its extent of its insertion along the medial aspect of the patella (Holt et al. 2008).
Knee Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
In most cases, the rupture of the quadriceps tendon occurs because the tendon is predisposed to a rupture. A study found that quadriceps femoris muscle tendon ruptures usually occur in patients over 40 years of age and are much more frequent in males than in females (8:1) (Garner et al. 2015).
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The quadriceps femoris muscle group – the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius – extends the knee. The hamstrings – the long and short head of the biceps femoris, plus semitendinosus and semimembranosus – flex the knee. Popliteus is a small muscle that flexes and internally rotates the knee. The gastrocnemius of the leg also has a flexing action on the knee, but its major role at the knee is preventing hyperextension of the knee joint. Gastrocnemius also plantarflexes the ankle (see ankle and foot – muscles).
Association of gross motor function and activities of daily living with muscle mass of the trunk and lower extremity muscles, range of motion, and spasticity in children and adults with cerebral palsy
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2023
Mitsuhiro Masaki, Honoka Isobe, Yuki Uchikawa, Mami Okamoto, Yoshie Chiyoda, Yuki Katsuhara, Kunio Mino, Kaori Aoyama, Tatsuya Nishi, Yasushi Ando
In the present study, the mobility domain of the PEDI declined with decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness. In the quadriceps femoris muscle, the activity of the vastus lateralis muscle increases from initial contact to loading response during walking.34,35 Furthermore, the physiological cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle is greatest in the quadriceps femoris muscle.36 The vastus lateralis muscle rather than the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius muscles may contribute to the extension movement of the knee joint in the standing position and during walking because the greater physiological cross-sectional area is advantageous to exert muscle strength. Thus, reduced PEDI mobility domain scores might be associated with decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness in children and adults with CP as muscle strength of the vastus lateralis muscle is important for mobility such as walking. A previous study demonstrated the association between declined ADL assessed using the mobility area of the BI and decreased thickness of the rectus femoris muscle in children with CP.12 However, the results of the present study revealed the association between declined ADL assessed using the mobility domain of the PEDI and decreased vastus lateralis muscle thickness in children and adults with CP. The inconsistency of these results might be due to differences in age, ADL measurement methods, and statistical analyses between this study (children and adults, PEDI, and stepwise regression analysis) and the previous study (children, BI, and partial correlation analysis).
Comparison of the Upper and Lower Extremity and Trunk Muscle Masses between Children with Down Syndrome and Children with Typical Development
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2022
Mitsuhiro Masaki, Seina Maruyama, Yukika Inagaki, Yukine Ogawa, Yoshino Sato, Minori Yokota, Moeka Takeuchi, Maki Kasahara, Kota Minakawa, Kana Kato, Kenji Sakaino
The upper and lower extremity muscle thicknesses measured using an ultrasound imaging device have been associated with muscle masses measured using magnetic resonance imaging.19 Moreover, the quadriceps femoris muscle thickness measured using an ultrasound imaging device is also associated with knee extensor muscle strength.20 Measurement of muscle strength is difficult to perform in children with DS who are not able to follow instructions due to cognitive disorder or age. However, an ultrasound imaging device can be used to measure individual muscle thickness, which is an index of muscle mass, in children with DS. No studies have compared the upper and lower extremity and trunk muscle thicknesses between children with DS and children with TD, although previous studies have reported decreased upper and lower extremity muscle strengths in children or adults with DS.12–15 Decreased amounts of exercise due to gross motor challenges, which are caused by delayed motor development and loss of active motions, may lead to decreased thicknesses of not only the upper and lower extremity muscles but also the trunk muscles in children with DS.
The impact of varying interphase interval on neuromuscular electrical stimulation-induced quadriceps femoris muscle performance and perceived discomfort
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Donald H Lein, Chris Eidson, Kelley Hammond, Hon K. Yuen, C. Scott Bickel
Participants were tested on torque production and muscle fatigue of the quadriceps femoris muscle through a combination of different levels of parameters associated with SBPC administered during NMES. Two separate testing sessions with a 2- to 4-day interval in between were conducted. Prior to determining maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and receiving NMES, the participants pedaled on an exercise bike for 5 minutes to warm-up their legs. Following the warm up, MVIC of the quadriceps femoris muscle for each leg was determined. Subsequently, at both sessions, the investigators determined the level of current amplitude that would evoke a contraction to generate ~20% of the MVIC for each leg using the following biphasic pulse parameters: 450 µs pulse duration (200 µs phase duration, 50 µs IPI) delivered at 50 Hz. The use of this combination of pulse parameters is based on the literature, which suggested that it would produce significant muscle torque (Gregory, Dixon, and Bickel, 2007; Lein, Myers, and Bickel, 2015). This level of current amplitude was utilized for all subsequent tests on that session.