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Anatomy of the Pelvis
Published in Gowri Dorairajan, Management of Normal and High Risk Labour During Childbirth, 2022
The ilium curved forwards, thereby relocating gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata, transforming their role from being extensors in quadrupeds to hip abductors in bipedal walking. The efficiency of these novel abductors is revealed in the bony framework of the femoral neck. Humans have minimal cortical bone on the superior aspect of the femoral neck, whereas apes display a peripheral ring of cortical bone. Since the apes do not possess abductor apparatus, they have a swaying gait. In addition, the compressive forces applied by the anterior gluteal muscles on the superior aspect of the femoral neck negate the tension stresses on this area leading to paucity of cortical bone [4].
Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery
Published in Timothy W R Briggs, Jonathan Miles, William Aston, Heledd Havard, Daud TS Chou, Operative Orthopaedics, 2020
Jonathan Wright, Russell Hawkins, Aresh Hashemi-Nejad, Peter Calder
A wedge of bone from the iliac wing is inserted perpendicular to the weightbearing axis. The ‘winking sign’ should be noted on an image intensifier (foreshortening of ipsilateral obturator foramen) and the position held with two threaded Schantz pins across the osteotomy. Image guidance is used to advance the pins proximodistally beginning just proximal to the ASIS and aiming for the triradiate cartilage (Figures 16.6 and 16.7).
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The pelvis is the junction between the trunk and the lower extremities. It supports the spine and rests on the lower limbs. The pelvis is strong and sturdy and is made up of four bones: the two hip bones, plus the sacrum and coccyx of the distal spine (Figure 18). The bones form a ring with a large aperture in the middle; in women, this aperture is the birth canal. The hip bones themselves are made up of three fused bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The lumbar spine sits immediately on top of the sacrum and comprises five individual vertebrae. There are several differences in structure between the male and female pelvis. Most notably, the female pelvis has a wider and more rounded pubic arch.
Different Methods to Assess the Nutritional Status of Alzheimer Patients
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Magdalena Martínez-Tomé, M Antonia Murcia, Claudia Rosario, Miguel Mariscal-Arcas, Antonia M Jiménez-Monreal
The height was determined with the subject’s head in the Frankfurt plane, taking measurements first thing in the morning. The subjects were measured in bare feet and light underwear. Biacromial diameter was measured by the observer standing behind the examinee, who was standing without support. The observer located the outermost edges of the acromial process by following the scapular spines laterally and forward. The bi-iliac diameter was obtained between the outer edges of the upper iliac bones. Mid-arm was measured at the level of the triceps skinfold and flexed mid-upper-arm circumference (midpoint between the acromion and the olecranon processes) was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm with the examinee’s right arm flexed 90° at the elbow. Waist circumference was measured in the standing position between the top iliac crest and the lower rib margin on each side. Hip circumference was measured in the horizontal plane at the level of the maximal extension of the buttocks. Calf circumference was measured at the level of maximum calf circumference, on the medial aspect of the calf (9).
Iliopsoas hematomas in people with hemophilia: diagnosis and treatment
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
E. Carlos Rodriguez-Merchan, Hortensia De la Corte-Rodriguez
In 1986, Perri et al. assessed the diagnostic capacity of CT scans analyzing 4 iliopsoas hematomas in 4 patients with hemophilia. They compared their findings with those encountered in the literature and recommended the use of CT scans in individuals with hemophilia when an iliopsoas hematoma is suspected [22]. In a study published in 1987 by Graif et al., 23 patients with hemophilia with a positive iliopsoas hematoma underwent US. In 21 patients, US confirmed the diagnosis. Nonetheless, a comparison between the supposed clinical position and the US location showed a relevant disparity. Only 7 of the 15 hematomas clinically believed to be in the iliopsoas muscle were validated by US in that position. In the other six cases, three were situated in the hip joint, one in the proximal part of the thigh, one in the abdominal wall, and one in the iliac fossa. In two cases, no bleeding was encountered. This study demonstrated that US is very useful, not ony to reach the diagnosis of iliopsoas hematoma in patients with hemophilia, but also to determine their precise location and that of other hematomas in proximity [23].
External iliac artery injury following total hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach—a case report
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2020
Ellen Burlage, Jasper G Gerbers, Bob R H Geelkerken, Wiebe C Verra
The importance in prevention of vascular complications in THA is clear. Alshameeri et al. (2015) reported permanent disability due to ischemia (8%), amputation (2%), and mortality (7%) in 124 vascular injuries as significant consequences of this severe complication. Injury due to retractor misplacement is often described as a cause of vascular damage. It is paramount that patients should be placed in the correct position and that they are handled considering the anatomical location and integrity of the surrounding vascular structures. The neurovascular bundle that contains the external iliac artery travels along the iliopsoas muscle. The iliopsoas muscle bulk will protect the neurovascular bundle against injury (Sullivan et al. 2019). Therefore, the retractor tips should be placed directly on the bone, and the iliopsoas muscle should not be interposed between the retractor and bone (Rue et al. 2004).