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Tumours of the oral cavity and pharynx
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Kunwar S S Bhatia, Ann D King, Robert Hermans
Tumours of the posterior oropharyngeal wall are rare and usually secondary to spread from other sites, especially the tonsil. They may be extensive at presentation due to clinically silent growth, which may be submucosal, reaching the oro- and hypopharynx. Tumour invasion posteriorly into the retropharynx and laterally into the parapharyngeal spaces are common. Deep invasion through the prevertebral fascia into the prevertebral muscles is uncommon and carries a poor prognosis. Demonstrating prevertebral muscle invasion on imaging is inaccurate. In this respect, the presence of an intact plane of fat in the retropharynx between the tumour and the prevertebral muscles on CT or MRI is highly predictive of the absence of prevertebral muscle invasion, but the loss of the fat plane or abnormal signal/attenuation or thickening or enhancement in the prevertebral muscles abutting the tumour can represent invasion or coexisting inflammation (33,34). To avoid erroneous overstaging, equivocal cases of prevertebral invasion that are otherwise resectable may be assessed by open exploration before proceeding to definitive resection.
The Innervation of Intervertebral Discs
Published in Peter Ghosh, The Biology of the Intervertebral Disc, 2019
Because of the intimate relationship between the prevertebral muscles and the front of the cervical discs, Windsor et al.43–45 included in their study dissections of the prevertebral branches of the cervical ventral rami, which supply the prevertebral muscles, hoping to find branches from them to the discs. This exploration, however, failed to demonstrate any such branches, and the authors concluded that, if they existed, they were too small to be resolved by microdissection.
Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The retropharyngeal space is situated posterior to the cervical viscera and anterior to the vertebrae. It extends from the basilar part of the occipital bone to the superior mediastinum and forms a dangerous route for the spread of infection from the pharyngeal wall down to the thorax. Lateral to this space is the sympathetic trunk. Along the trunk, swellings of the superior, middle, and inferior cervical sympathetic ganglia are found (often the inferior cervical ganglion and the 1st thoracic ganglion fuse into one stellate ganglion, or cervicothoracic ganglion). Gray rami communicantes connect these ganglia to the cervical spinal nerves. Superiorly, the internal carotid nerve carries postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion to all the structures of the head (Plate 3.20). The prevertebral fascia covers the prevertebral muscles (longus colli and longus capitis) and the lateral vertebral muscles (anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles).
Anterolateral approach for subaxial vertebral artery decompression in the treatment of rotational occlusion syndrome: results of a personal series and technical note
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Sabino Luzzi, Cristian Gragnaniello, Alice Giotta Lucifero, Stefano Marasco, Yasmeen Elsawaf, Mattia Del Maestro, Samer K. Elbabaa, Renato Galzio
Precarotid exposure of the prevertebral muscles, especially for left-sided surgery has yielded good results and minimal risk to these vital structures (Figure 8(c)). Of note, a right-sided thoracic duct has been reported to have an incidence up to 4.5% on autoptic findings [48,49].
Chondroid chordoma of the parapharyngeal space: A case report and review of literature
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2020
Nasser Waleed Alobida, Aseel O. Doubi, Mohammed Alswayyed, Dima Z. Jamjoom, Khalid Al-Qahtani
Contrasted MRI neck showed a multi-septated cystic mass causing mass effect on the prevertebral muscles at C1–C2 level, with intact pharyngeal mucosa. The mass showed a high signal intensity on T2, low signal intensity on T1 with an enhancing capsule (Figure 1).