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Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
Longus capitis originates from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the third through sixth cervical vertebrae and inserts into the basilar part of the occipital bone (Standring 2016).
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
Deep muscles attached directly to the vertebral column are also responsible for movements of the neck. Anteriorly on the neck, longus colli, longus capitis, and anterior rectus capitis contribute to forward flexion, and lateral rectus capitis flexes the neck laterally towards the side that is contracting. Posteriorly, the deep muscles of the back are responsible for extending the vertebral column. At the cervical level, the deep muscles responsible for extending and rotating the neck are splenius, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus capitis, spinalis capitis, and semispinalis capitis (see Figure 24).
Anterolateral approach for subaxial vertebral artery decompression in the treatment of rotational occlusion syndrome: results of a personal series and technical note
Published in Neurological Research, 2021
Sabino Luzzi, Cristian Gragnaniello, Alice Giotta Lucifero, Stefano Marasco, Yasmeen Elsawaf, Mattia Del Maestro, Samer K. Elbabaa, Renato Galzio
Platysma is freed from the skin layer, generally for 3 to 4 cm away from the site of the incision, in order to avoid any traction. It is then cut longitudinally, along the course of its fibers. The anterior border of the SMC is identified, with the carotid sheath coursing beneath it and containing the internal carotid artery (ICA), internal jugular vein (IJV) and vagus nerve. A pre-sternocleidomastoid precarotid exposure is carried out (Figure 1(d)). Omohyoid muscle is then isolated at a deeper level, encircled with a vessel loop and medialized (Figure 1(e)). Sternothyroid muscle, esophagus and trachea are left medially. The widening of the avascular plane between the SMC laterally and trachea and esophagus medially allows for easy identification of the pre-vertebral fascia. The fascial opening exposes the vertebral body and the medial border of the longus colli muscles. Moving laterally under microscopic vision leads to the identification of the lateral border of the ipsilateral longus colli. In a further lateral position, longus capitis and anterior scalene muscle are just lateral to the longus colli at C3-C4 and C4-C5, respectively.
Effects of the craniocervical flexion and isometric neck exercise compared in patients with chronic neck pain: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
Several studies have identified impaired activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles, the longus colli, and longus capitis, in patients with CNP (Falla, Jull, and Hodges, 2004a, 2004b). Given the role of the deep cervical flexor muscles in postural support, a reduced ability to maintain upright posture of cervical spine might be considered as a measure of impairment in the postural supporting muscle during a functional task. Decreased activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles has been associated with the forward head position in a previous studies (Falla, Jull, Hodges, and Vicenzino, 2006; Jull, Falla, Vicenzino, and Hodges, 2009). However, the study by Jull et al. (2002) did not detect changes in the forward head position following CFE in patients with cervicogenic headache.
Ultrasonographic assessment of cross-sectional area of deep neck flexor muscles during a five-stage cranio-cervical flexion test in individuals with chronic neck pain and healthy controls
Published in European Journal of Physiotherapy, 2018
Mohsen Amiri, Leila Rahnama, Maryam Zargosh, Aamir Abbas
Neck pain has become a common musculoskeletal complaint, being known as the second most common musculoskeletal disorder and the main reason for disability followed by low back pain [1]. Over 80% of mechanical stability in the cervical region is accomplished by the neck muscles, especially deep neck muscles. Longus colli and longus capitis are deep neck flexors (DNFs) that help to provide cervical spine dynamic stability [2,3]. These muscles are located bilaterally on the cervical spine and are functionally responsible for providing longitudinal dynamic cervical spine stability [4,5]. Previous studies have reported weakness and morphological changes of these muscles following chronic neck pain [2,6,7]. However, the negative effect of chronic neck pain on the function and endurance of these muscles is unclear. Pain chronicity is another manifestation of neck pain, which may result in prolonged disability. It is accepted that prolonged disability might be in combination with such muscle weakness [8].