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Introduction to botulinum toxin
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
All conscious movements begin in a specialised area of the brain known as the precentral gyrus (Figure 8.3), which is colloquially known as the motor strip. The precentral gyrus is found in the posterior frontal lobe and is separated from the primary somato-sensory cortex (the postcentral gyrus) by the central sulcus.
Biological Basis of Behavior
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
The parietal lobe is located above the occipital lobe of the brain and behind the frontal lobe. The parietal lobe is divided into three parts: (1) the postcentral gyrus; (2) the superior parietal lobule; and (3) the inferior parietal lobule. The postcentral gyrus receives sensory input from the contralateral half of the body. The sequential representation is the same as in the primary motor area, with upside-down reversal of sensations: the head is represented in inferior parts of the gyrus and sensations from the lower extremities are represented in superior portions. The primary somatosensory cortex, located in the postcentral gyrus, integrates somesthetic stimuli for recognition and recall of form, texture, and weight. The primary somatosensory cortex on one side receives all the somatosensory input from the contralateral side of the body. Lesions of the postcentral gyrus can cause difficulty in recognizing objects by touch (astereognosis). The superior parietal lobule is regarded as an association cortex. The inferior parietal lobule (composed of the angular and supramarginal gyri) is a cortical region involved with the integration of multiple sensory signals (K. Rogers, 2011).
Back and central nervous system
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Parietal lobe: primary sensory area and sensory association area – postcentral gyrus used for processing sensory signals
Altered spontaneous brain activities in maintenance hemodialysis patients with cognitive impairment and the construction of cognitive function prediction models
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Qing Sun, Jiahui Zheng, Yutao Zhang, Xiangxiang Wu, Zhuqing Jiao, Lifang Xu, Haifeng Shi, Tongqiang Liu
Compared with HC, we found that MHD-CI patients had abnormal spontaneous brain activity in several brain regions. The frontal lobe and occipital lobe are part of the default mode network (DMN) and had connections with the medial temporal lobe system such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus [21,22], several rs-fMRI studies reported reduced spontaneous brain activity in the DMN in ESRD patients [5,10]. The enhanced spontaneous brain activity in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus and caudate nucleus is thought to be a compensatory mechanism for impaired cognitive function in the brain. Continuous hyperfunction accelerates neurodegeneration and impaired cognitive function. The postcentral gyrus which is located in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex is part of the somatosensory-motor network; reduced spontaneous brain activity suggests abnormal somatosensory regulation. Notably, compared with the HC group, only mfALFF in the left medial superior frontal gyrus was decreased, and mALFF in the right hippocampus was elevated in the MHD-NCI group, while no significant abnormal spontaneous brain activity was seen in the remaining regions. These findings suggest that MHD-CI patients tend to have more severe neurophysiological alterations and compensatory effects. Therefore, we compared various brain areas and clinical indicators between the MHD-CI and MHD-NCI groups to identify the brain areas and risk factors associated with cognitive function.
Altered brain activity and functional connectivity in migraine without aura during and outside attack
Published in Neurological Research, 2023
Luping Zhang, Wenjing Yu, Zhengxiang Zhang, Maosheng Xu, Feng Cui, Wenwen Song, Zhijian Cao
For there were similar regions in increased ALFF in MWoA-DA patients compared with MWoA-DI patients and HC, the overlapped region of results we think was significant and used as ROI to explore the FC analysis. The results showed that decreased functional connectivity between TCC and left postcentral gyrus in MWoA-DA compared with MWoA-DI. The postcentral gyrus contains the primary somatosensory cortex, a ‘pain matrix’ component that participates in coding associated somatosensory information [19]. The TCC is subject to direct descending pain modulatory pathways arising from the primary somatosensory cortex, and related impairments trigger migraine attacks [20]. Thus, the decreased FC between TCC and the postcentral gyrus in our study may represent impairment in the descending pain modulatory pathways during a migraine attack.
Grey matter volume abnormalities in the first depressive episode of medication-naïve adult individuals: a systematic review of voxel based morphometric studies
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2021
Meysam Amidfar, João Quevedo, Gislaine Z. Réus, Yong-Ku Kim
The VBM analysis also revealed significantly increased grey matter volume in right postcentral gyrus in first-episode, drug-naïve MDD patients compared with the healthy controls (Chen et al. 2016). The postcentral gyrus as the primary sensory area of the brain plays a key role in using social cues to understand emotional states of others and MDD patients showed decreased cerebral activation in the right postcentral gyrus than healthy subjects during empathy for others pain (Keysers et al. 2010; Fujino et al. 2014). In addition, first-episode, drug naïve MDD Patients showed increased GMV in precuneus in right hemisphere compared to healthy subjects (Qi et al. 2018). However, another study with the relatively large sample size of first-episode drug naïve MDD patients reported widespread GMV reductions in the parietal lobe (Shen et al. 2016). Drug-naïve MDD also exhibited GMV reductions in the left angular gyrus (Guo et al. 2014).