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The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
As the joint dorsiflexes, the malleoli are forced apart by the wider part of the talus; the fibula is also said to translate dorsally (i.e., presumably anteriorly) and rises slightly and rotates medially slightly as well (122). Excessivestrain is avoided in the bone itself by giving mobility to the upper fibula at the superior tibiofibular joint. This is essentially a plane joint, with surfaces slightly oblique to the transverse plane. The fibers of the crural interosseousmembrane are oriented similarly to those of the inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, and these structures together direct the small movements of the fibula during flexion and extension of the ankle. It is interesting to note that the human has retained movable articulations at both superior and inferior tibiofibular joints. These have been lost and the bones fused to a single tibiofibula in the tarsiers among the primates (123), and the fibula tends to reduction and/or fusion in many other mammalian groups (120,124).
The shoulder
Published in David Silver, Silver's Joint and Soft Tissue Injection, 2018
This is a small plane joint or synostosis where the lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion process of the scapula. The capsular ligament is strengthened by the acromioclavicular ligament. There is a very small joint space that will admit 0.2–0.5 ml of injection fluid. Acromioclavicular pain is often overlooked as the cause of pain and a meticulous clinical examination will avoid this pitfall.
The Articulations of the Upper Member
Published in Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause, Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2009
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause
The Mid-Carpal Joint. The mid-carpal joint involves the articulation between the proximal row of carpal bones and the distal row of carpal bones. The proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones, with the pisiform situtated somewhat like a bystander to the action. The distal row is composed of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate bones. This joint is somewhat mixed in type, including some features of an elipsoidal joint and of a plane joint. Important ligaments join the bones of the joint together and facilitate the smoothness of its normal movements.
Recovery of Lower Extremity Function in the Initial Year Following Periacetabular Osteotomy: A Single Subject Analysis
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Cailyn Schroeder, Linnea Zavala, Laura Opstedal, James Becker
Marker trajectories and ground reaction forces were exported to Visual 3D (C-Motion, Inc., Rockville, MD) where they were filtered using dual-pass, low pass Butterworth filters with cutoff frequencies of 6 and 15 Hz, respectively. Internal sagittal plane joint moments at the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated using standard Newtonian-Euler inverse dynamics, and with the extensor moments being expressed as positive, were summed to yield the total support moment (Winter, 1980). The following dependent variables were then calculated during the sit-to-stand portion of the STW: peak support moment (pMs), peak hip (pHEM), knee (pKEM), and ankle (pAEM) extensor moments, and the percent contribution from the hip, knee, and ankle to the pMs. This approach was specifically chosen as it allows assessment of the total mechanical demand the lower extremity must overcome in order to prevent limb collapse, and the synergistic nature in which the hip, knee, and ankle joints achieve that goal (Winter, 1980). Initiation and seat-off during the STW were determined using the methods described by Kerr, Durward, and Kerr (2004). Full upright standing was identified as the highest point of the center of mass following seat-off.
Cueing Changes in Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force to Improve Coordination Dynamics in Walking
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2022
Cortney Armitano-Lago, Brian Pietrosimone, Alyssa Evans-Pickett, Hope Davis-Wilson, Jason R. Franz, Troy Blackburn, Adam W. Kiefer
The raw, unfiltered sagittal plane joint angle data for each joint (ankle, knee, hip) on each limb was also processed and submitted to CRQA (Shockley et al., 2002; Webber & Zbilut, 2005). CRQA calculates the time-correlated activity between two signals (i.e., one joint pair of two joint angle time series in the current implementation) by embedding the two separate time series in a single reconstructed phase space via time-delayed copies of the original measured signal. See Marwan et al. for complete method (Marwan et al., 2007). More than 25% of the trials were randomly selected and assessed, individually, for parameter selection to ensure proper resolution with minimal saturation given the analysis of the matrix. The following parameters were used in the final analysis: delay (t) equal to 33 data points (approximately ¼ of the gait cycle duration), an embedding dimension (m) of 5 based on a false nearest neighbors analysis, and the radius set to 0.8% of the maximum distance (Marwan et al., 2007; Shockley et al., 2002; Webber & Zbilut, 2005).
Relative contributions and capacities of lower extremity muscles to accelerate the body’s center of mass during countermovement jumps
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
The performance of the model was evaluated by comparing the sagittal plane joint angle data of the hip, knee, and ankle joints from the simulation to the experimental data. In addition, the translational and rotational errors of the pelvis were also evaluated. Lastly, the inverse-dynamics derived and CMC derived NJM were compared with the root mean square error (RMSE) and the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) (Hicks et al. 2015). The nRMSE was calculated by dividing the RMSE by the difference between the maximum and minim experimental errors (Maniar et al. 2018).