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Phytomedicines Targeting Antibiotic Resistance through Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation Associated with Acne Vulgaris
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Isa A. Lambrechts, Namrita Lall
Acne vulgaris is a disease related to the skin’s pilosebaceous unit that includes the hair shaft, hair follicle and the sebaceous gland that produces sebum. Acne vulgaris predominantly occurs in the torso, back, neck and face. These areas are mostly affected due to the high amount of pilosebaceous units in these sebum-rich areas. These sebum-rich areas are more specifically found in the area between the eyebrows known as the glabella, inside the ear, on the sides of the nostrils and the cheeks, behind the ear and the manubrium that is the upper chest and back. Acne vulgaris is divided into four categories of severity: mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe acne (Williams, Dellavalle, and Garner, 2012; Kaur et al., 2005; Singh, Hatwar, and Nayak, 2011). James (2005) described the severities of acne as follows.
Adnexal Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Hasan Aksoy, Jordan V. Wang, Ayşe Serap Karadağ
Definition: Acne vulgaris (acne) is a chronic, inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, which affects about 85% of adolescents and young adults. The disease may result in permanent scars and often causes immense psychologic burdens, such as poor self-image, anxiety, and depression.
Chronic erythematous rash on the face
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Acne is a disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The hallmark of the disease is the comedo, a single blocked follicle. Everyone gets some acne. In girls, it may appear before menstruation commences, sometimes as early as 9 years of age. In both sexes the peak incidence is 13–16 years, although it may continue into the 20s, 30s and occasionally later. Acne occurs on the face, chest and back depending on the distribution of the sebaceous follicles in that individual.
Dermatological side effects of targeted antineoplastic therapies: a prospective study
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Senay Agirgol, Ceyda Çaytemel, Kezban Nur Pilanci
The abnormal activity of EGFR in colorectal cancers plays an important role in the growth and development of the tumour. Because healthy epithelial cells also secret EGFR, the typical drug side effects on the skin are very common2,12,13. EGFR is known to be expressed in keratinocytes, sebaceous glands, the hair follicle epithelium, and periungual tissue14. Papulopustular eruptions are the well-known side effect of EGFR inhibitors, and these are reported in 45–100% of cases. In a prospective study conducted in Asia, PPL had a prevalence close to 80%15. It is rather common in regions with high pilosebaceous unit activity, such as the face, body, and back12. PPL begins 7–10 days after initial use of the drug, peaks in intensity within 4–6 weeks, and resolves within 12–16 weeks following the discontinuation of the treatment8. It is sterile pustular, it may be accompanied by pruritus and pain, and it is not life-threatening, yet it may be cosmetically disturbing16.
Effect of isotretinoin treatment on the inflammatory markers in patients with acne vulgaris: can monocyte/HDL be a new indicator for inflammatory activity of isotretinoin treatment?
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, especially seen in adolescence1. Oral isotretinoin (ISO) is a systemic agent used in moderate/severe acne which is effective at all stages of acne pathogenesis including inflammation2. These changes clinically can be listed as lip dryness, nausea, muscle-joint pain, nervous system findings, and depression while the changes in the laboratory can be listed as increased levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine kinase, impaired liver function, and changes in complete blood count (CBC) parameters3–5. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a parameter that determines platelet function and has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and has long been used as an inflammatory marker6. Plateletcrit (PTC) is a test that shows the percentage of platelet volume in the blood, and there have been recent reports that it may be a more effective marker than MPV7,8. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte–HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) are new inflammatory markers6,9,10. These inflammatory markers can be screened in CBC and biochemical parameters routinely screened in patients receiving ISO. To date, these markers have been studied in patients with inflammatory diseases, hypertension, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus.
Novel nicotinamide skin-adhesive hot melt extrudates for treatment of acne
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Maha Nasr, Hrushikesh Karandikar, Rasha T. A. Abdel-Aziz, Noha Moftah, Anant Paradkar
Among dermatological diseases, acne vulgaris is a commonly encountered skin disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, affecting almost all the adolescent population. It is characterized by non-inflammatory (comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules and nodules in its more severe forms), in skin areas with the highest population of sebaceous follicles such as face and upper part of chest and back [10]. The conventional means of treating acne relied mainly on antibiotics, either topically or systemically administered, which leads to undesirable side effects in the patients in addition to its contribution of the emergence of bacterial resistance. This has led researchers to seek alternative treatment protocols that could rely on vitamins such as nicotinamide, in an attempt to reduce the use of antibiotics [11,12]. It has been shown that the topical application of nicotinamide stabilized the epidermal barrier function and decreased the transepidermal water loss from the horny layer. Moreover, nicotinamide was reported to increase the protein and ceramide synthesis and speed up the differentiation of keratinocytes [13]. Regarding acne vulgaris, nicotinamide was proven to be a multifunctioning molecule which treats acne via different mechanisms; it causes a decrease in the rate of sebum excretion, exhibits inhibitory effect on Propionibacterium acnes, and demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects [14–16]. However, despite the aforementioned promising topical effects of nicotinamide in acne treatment, its hydrophilicity presents a challenge for its skin permeation, owing to the barrier properties of the hydrophobic stratum corneum [17].