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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Gracilis originates from the body of the pubis, the inferior pubic ramus, and the ischial ramus (Standring 2016). It inserts via a tendon onto the medial surface of the proximal tibia just below the medial condyle (Standring 2016). The insertion tendon contributes to the pes anserinus, and some fibers blend with the deep fascia of the lower leg (Standring 2016).
Hip Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
The muscle’s fibers run vertically inferiorly and eventually blend into a rounded tendon.30 This tendon courses posterior to the sartorius tendon31 and passes behind the medial condyle of the femur, curves around the medial condyle of the tibia where it becomes flattened, then inserts into the upper part of the medial surface of the body of the tibia, below the condyle. At its insertion, the tendon is situated immediately above that of the semitendinosus muscle, and its upper edge is overlapped by the tendon of the sartorius muscle, which it joins to form the pes anserinus. The pes anserinus is separated from the medial collateral ligament of the knee-joint by a bursa.
Test Paper 2
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
A Baker’s cyst, or popliteal cyst, is essentially a communicating synovial cyst from the posterior joint capsule. The location of the cyst, which tracks between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus tendon, is characteristic. Pes anserinus bursitis refers to inflammation of the bursa around the conjoined tendon insertions of the gracilis, sartorius and semitendinosus muscles at the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia. A large parameniscal cyst is a differential, but this requires a meniscal horizontal tear and no mention of this is made.
Effects of High Tibial Osteotomy Combined with Arthroscopy on Pain and Inflammation Markers in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Binghao Zhao, Qingfang Xiao, Bo Liu
The surgeon was located on the side of patient’s healthy limb, and the C-arm X-ray machine was placed on the side of affected limb. Before surgery, it was necessary to ensure that C-arm X-ray could project to femoral head, knee joint and center of ankle joint of the affected limb. An incision was made at one-third of the anteromedial in medial tibia, and then was extended to 6-cm length along the joint line to the upper edge of pes anserinus. Next, the superficial layer of the medial collateral ligament was loosened. The sled was placed closely to posterior edge of tibia to avoid injuries of blood vessels and nerve bundles behind the knee joint.
Open-Wedge HTO with Absorbable β-TCP/PLGA Spacer Implantation and Proximal Fibular Osteotomy for Medial Compartmental Knee Osteoarthritis: New Technique Presentation
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Ruipeng Zhang, Shilun Li, Yingchao Yin, Jialiang Guo, Wei Chen, Zhiyong Hou, Yingze Zhang
Early weight-bearing exercise could be performed by patients treated with the traditional HTO surgery [13]. However, in this study, full weight-bearing was recommended only when the osteotomy area has healed well, as seen on the radiograph taken at approximately 3 months, and this is a major drawback of the novel technique. Takeuchi et al. reported that the mean FTA was 170° ± 2.1° at the final follow-up, which was lower than that in this study [32]. The main reason for the difference may be the strong support in the osteotomy gap in the classical HTO technique. However, 45.83% (11/24) of patients experienced pain around the pes anserinus postoperatively, which was caused by irritation from the plate [32]. Although some radiographic parameters in this study had not been corrected to the extent possible with the classical HTO technique, the loading force distribution shifted laterally from the medial compartment. Thus, the gap of the medial compartment was widened at the time of weight-bearing rehabilitation exercise, which may have led to the decreased JLCA in the affected knee (Figure 8). The wear of the medial knee surface and the imbalanced loading were significantly alleviated after the widening of the medial compartment. Therefore, the pain level of patients in this study was lower than those of patients who underwent the classical HTO technique because plate-induced irritation was eliminated. Stukenborg-Colsman et al. reported that the mean clinical and functional KSSs of patients treated with the classical HTO technique were 76 and 71 at the final follow-up, respectively, which were similar to the results obtained in this study [33]. In the follow-up, we found that better alignment correction and functional results were usually associated with a lower body mass index. This result indicates that proper weight loss has a positive effect on the postoperative recovery of patients with medial compartmental knee OA.
Ultrasonography findings and physical examination outcomes in dancers with and without patellofemoral pain
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2018
Itzhak Siev-Ner, Myriam D Stern, Shay Tenenbaum, Alexander Blankstein, Aviva Zeev, Nili Steinberg
In the medial part of the knee: MCL (grade 0 or 1).Pes anserinus bursitis: 0 = none, 1 = fluid in the bursa associated with sensitivity on probe compression.