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Cells and Organs of the Immune System
Published in Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla, Textbook of Immunology, 2019
Constantin A. Bona, Francisco A. Bonilla
The white pulp contains lymphoid cells aggregating in structures called lymphoid follicles or nodules (see below), and in periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS). The pulp surrounding the periarteriolar sheaths is called the marginal zone, an area where arterioles end and dump their contents into the loose matrix of splenic tissue. The PALS contains mainly T cells, while the surrounding follicles and marginal zone are composed mostly of B cells. Reticular cells and their extracellular matrix, vascular endothelial cells, and specialized phagocytic cells (interdigitating cells and several distinct types of macrophages) also play important roles in splenic immune activity.
The Lymphoid System
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
The identification and histologic evaluation of the white pulp compartments, consisting of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS), primary and secondary lymphoid follicles, marginal zone (MZ), and mantle zone, is essential but can be challenging in the evaluation of the spleen (see Figure 16.6a, c). Nevertheless, a careful comparison of treated versus control animals, with accurate characterization of the relative size and cellularity of the PALS, the size and maturation of lymphoid follicles, the presence or absence of the MZ cells, and the relative number of smaller lymphoid aggregates scattered throughout the spleen, can assist in understanding the specific immunologic impact of a test article.
Resveratrol ameliorates ionizing irradiation-induced long-term immunosuppression in mice
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
Heng Zhang, Hao Yan, Jianzi Ying, Liqing Du, Chunze Zhang, Yiling Yang, Huaqing Wang, Hui Wang
Harvested spleens and thymuses were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin using standard procedures (Zhang et al. 2012). Paraffin-embedded tumors were cut in 5 μm sections at the maximum cross-section. Sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H.E.) and analyzed under a BX51 microscope (Olympus, Japan). Images were captured with a Nikon D90 camera (Nikon, Japan). A mice spleen was mainly composed of white pulp, red pulp and a thickened inflamed capusule. The white pulp composed of lymphoid follicles (rich in B-lymphocytes) and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (rich in T-lymphocytes). The red pulp composed of sinuses, splenic cords and marginal zone.