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STRIVE Principles
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Conventional training is physiologically focused. The ‘Chest-Press’ works the pectoral muscles, the ‘Leg-Extension’ works the quadriceps and so on. Instructors target specific muscle groups or physiological systems in the hope that improvements in ‘general fitness’ supports subsequent performance.
Breast cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
Simple mastectomy involves complete removal of the disease-involved breast. The pectoral muscles are preserved. The procedure is often combined with a breast reconstruction using either a tissue expander (Becker implant) or an autologous flap, e.g. latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle or TRAM flap. If reconstruction is not undertaken, the physical appearance of the chest wall will be far superior to that after a more radical mastectomy.
Breast tumours
Published in Harold Ellis, Sala Abdalla, A History of Surgery, 2018
Halsted did much to pioneer the operation of radical mastectomy which, in the United States, was often termed the Halsted mastectomy. In 1890, he wrote About eight years ago I began not only to typically clean out the axilla in all cases of cancer of the breast but also to excise in almost every case the pectoralis major muscle or at least a generous piece of it, and to give the tumour on all sides an exceedingly wide berth. It is impossible to determine with the naked eye whether or not the disease has extended into the pectoral muscle. (Figure 11.10)
An external validation of a novel predictive algorithm for male nipple areolar positioning: an improvement to current practice through a multicenter endeavor
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Floyd W. Timmermans, Laure Ruyssinck, Sterre E. Mokken, Marlon Buncamper, Kevin M. Veen, Margriet G. Mullender, Karel E. Y. Claes, Mark-Bram Bouman, Stanislas Monstrey, Timotheus C. van de Grift
Currently no universal guidelines are in place for assisting clinicians in proper NAC placement. In the past, several attempts have been made to standardize the practice of NAC positioning, resulting in the proposed use of set values, landmarks and algorithms [15]. Especially the use of set values for NAC transplantations enjoys a high level of clinical practicality. Unfortunately, the use of set values fails to incorporate the inherent cisgender and transgender male chest dimensions, with the latter being relatively narrower [7]. Specifically, this mismatch in chest morphology can result in NACs being transplanted too far apart from one another on the transgender male chest when directly applying set values. The use of landmarks for NAC transplantation also enjoys a high level of practicality. A commonly used landmark is the pectoral muscle border [1,3,14,22]. Unfortunately, the interpatient variability of pectoral muscle mass is not included into the approximated location of the NACs. This can possibly result in NACs being misplaced due to lesser developed or more pronounced pectoral muscles.
Impact of Skeletal Muscle Measurements by Chest Computed Tomography on Survival and Postoperative Complications in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Tugba Akin Telli, Onur Bugdayci, Ozkan Alan, Nisanur Sariyar, Selver Isik, Rukiye Arikan, Alper Yasar, Nargiz Majidova, Abdussamet Celebi, Bulent Erol, Zerrin Ozgen, Osman Kostek, Ibrahim Vedat Bayoglu, Ozlem Ercelep, Faysal Dane, Perran Fulden Yumuk
Images were evaluated on the locum PACS (INFINITT PACS system, INFINITT Healthcare Co., Seoul, South Korea). Pectoralis muscles were evaluated at the level of the manubriosternal joint. In two patients this joint was not visible, and measurements were performed at the level of the aortic arch (last visible slice superiorly). In two patients only one side could be measured (in one patient due to previous surgery and in one patient only one side was included in the image) and this measurement was multiplied by two. Paravertebral muscle measurements were performed at the level of the transverse processes of the T12 vertebrae. Thresholding was applied to the images between −29HU and +150HU before measurement. Sum of bilateral pectoralis major and minor muscle areas as well as the total area of the paraspinal muscles on both sides were recorded as pectoralis muscle area (PMA) and T12 vertebra muscle area (TMA), respectively. Axial CT images demonstrating the measurements of PMA and TMA are presented in Figure 1. Pectoralis and paraspinal (T12) muscle indices (PMI and TMI, respectively) were calculated by dividing the total muscle area (in cm2) by the square of patient height (in m2). All skeletal muscle measurements and indices were categorized according to the gender-specific 50th percentile of each variable distribution; PMI and TMI <50th percentile was defined as low, and ≥50th percentile as high.
The Morphology and Bending Behavior of Regenerated Costal Cartilage with Kawanabe-Nagata Method in Rabbits – the Short Term Result of an Experimental Study
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Jingjian Han, Roberto Cuomo, Yanyong Zhao, Bo Pan, Qinghua Yang
The rabbit was fixed in a supine position and a mid-sternal incision was made. The pectoral muscles were dissected and the costal cartilages exposed. A section of costal cartilage about 1.5 cm lengths was excised from the fifth costal cartilage on both sides of each animal. The perichondrium was left completely intact and closed with a 7-0 nylon suture to form a perichondrial pocket. The costochondral junction was preserved intact. The excised costal cartilage was cut into about 0.5 mm cartilage pieces using a scalpel, and put back to the perichondrial pocket of left side. On the right side, we close the pocket without reimplantation. The amount of cartilage returned was about 1/5 to 1/4 of its original volume to simulate the clinical practice in ear framework fabrication. The pectoral muscle and skin was closed in sequence.