China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chronic Otitis Media
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Tympanosclerosis describes the deposition of calcium or bone at sites of previous middle ear inflammation. Usually it affects only the tympanic membrane (myringosclerosis) and is of no consequence. Rarely it may be found to affect the ossicles, often in an ear undergoing exploration for conductive hearing loss, causing fixation of the ossicular heads (treated with partial ossiculoplasty) or around the stapes footplate (usually causing surgery to be abandoned).
Noise, hearing and vibration
Published in Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol, Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine, 2019
Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol
Middle ear: Ossicles – small bones behind eardrum (malleus, incus and stapes).Eardrum – transmits vibrations via ossicles through middle ear to inner ear.Eustachian tube – connects middle ear to posterior oropharynx for pressure equalization.
Ears
Published in Marie Lyons, Arvind Singh, Your First ENT Job, 2018
‘Dead ear’ or reduction in hearing. Dead ear results from damage caused to internal ear structures by drill noise. The more usual scenario is a reduction in hearing because the ear disease involved some of the ossicles, which therefore had to be removed. Sometimes the cholesteatoma itself conducts sound, and its removal will therefore lead to a discontinuity in the sound conduction pathway. If this is the case, reconstruction may be possible once the chronic infection has been eradicated.
Cerebellopontine angle epidermoid with ipsilateral external ear atresia: an embryological association or a coincidence?
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Khursheed Alam Khan, Rashim Kataria, Mohnish Grover, Virendra Deo Sinha
A 42 years female presented with right sided decreased hearing and right ear deformity since birth, headache and a few episodes of vomiting and drowsiness for 15 days. On examination she was drowsy. There was right sided grade 2 microtia with no opening of right external ear (Figure 1(a)). Rinnes test was negative on the right and Weber’s test showed lateralistion towards the right, suggestive of right sided conductive hearing loss. Pure Tone Audiometry confirmed right sided conductive hearing loss. CT brain, temporal bones and MRI brain were done. CT Brain showed a nonenhancing hypodense mass in right CPA with obstructive hydrocephalus (Figure 1(b)). Diffusion restriction was seen on DWI images of MRI (Figure 1(c)), suggesting an epidermoid of the right CPA region with obstructive hydrocephalus. CT temporal bone showed bony and membranous atresia of right external ear canal Figure 2 (a,b). The middle ear space was mildly reduced with malformed ossicles. Mastoid air cells were well pneumatised and the inner ear was normal. The left ear was normal. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done on left side, followed by definitive surgery for the right CP angle epidermoid later. Histopathology was confirmatory of epidermoid.
Transcanal endoscopic management of isolated congenital middle ear malformations
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Licai Shi, Shuainan Chen, Rujie Li, Yideng Huang
All operations in this study were performed by the same experienced ear surgeon (Yideng Huang) by exclusively transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty surgery. Each patient received general anesthesia. After creating a tympanomeatal flap and removing a small part of the bone in the upper wall of the external auditory canal, the tympanic cavity and ossicular chain can be explored. The ways of hearing reconstruction were mentioned as follows. (1) Malleus-incus complex (MIC) anomalies with normal and mobile stapes. After removing the deformed auditory ossicles, the hearing was reconstructed with partial auditory ossicle prosthesis (PORP) (Figure 1). (2) Abnormal stapes suprastructure with a mobile stapes footplate: after removing the deformed superstructure of stapes and other malformed auditory ossicles, the hearing was reconstructed with complete auditory ossicular prosthesis (TORP) (Figure 2). (3) Stapes footplate fixation or oval window bony atresia/aplasia, with or without other parts of ossicular chain anomalies. Vestibulotomy with piston insertion was performed to establish a connection between the vestibule and the handle of the malleus or the long process of the incus (Figures 3–5).
High-resolution computed tomography temporal bone imaging in achondroplasia
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2021
Puneet S. Kochar, Priti Soin, Ayah Megahed
The predominant temporal bone imaging feature is rotation and upward tilting of the petrous temporal bones, giving a “towered” petrous ridges appearance.6,7 The IAC-IAC angle is reduced, ranging from 110° to 129° (normal 157–175°). The IACs are normal. Additionally, the cochlea rotates in relation to the middle ear cavity, leading to a vertically oriented geniculate ganglion. However, the cochlea is morphologically normal. The vestibules are also rotated, leading to a downward-directed oval window.6 Middle ear ossicles are usually normal in size and morphology. However, secondary to the rotation, the malleus body and long process of incus project into the axial images, giving a broader ice cream cone appearance. The external acoustic canal (EAC) is rotated to a lesser extent than the medial temporal bone, leading to an abnormal orientation of the EAC and tympanic membrane with the lateral labyrinth wall at the time of clinical exam. Instead of encountering the promontory from the EAC as the tympanic membrane is reflected, the examiner is either not able to see the promontory or at best is able to see its inferior margin. The bony structure in the way is the scutum. On imaging, the scutum points downwards below the level of the promontory. The Körner septum becomes more horizontally rotated.6 The carotid canal is foreshortened with medialization of the distal ends. The ascending portion of the carotid canal is medially angulated instead of having a normal vertical orientation.6