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Spectral CT Imaging Using MARS Scanners
Published in Katsuyuki Taguchi, Ira Blevis, Krzysztof Iniewski, Spectral, Photon Counting Computed Tomography, 2020
Aamir Y. Raja, Steven P. Gieseg, Sikiru A. Adebileje, Steven D. Alexander, Maya R. Amma, Fatemeh Asghariomabad, Ali Atharifard, Benjamin Bamford, Stephen T. Bell, Srinidhi Bheesette, Anthony P. H. Butler, Philip H. Butler, Pierre Carbonez, Alexander I. Chernoglazov, Shishir Dahal, Jérôme Damet, Niels J. A. de Ruiter, Robert M. N. Doesburg, Brian P. Goulter, Joseph L. Healy, Praveen K. Kanithi, Stuart P. Lansley, Chiara Lowe, V. B. H. Mandalika, Emmanuel Marfo, Aysouda Matanaghi, Mahdieh Moghiseh, Raj K. Panta, Hannah M. Prebble, Nanette Schleich, Emily Searle, Jereena S. Sheeja, Rayhan Uddin, Lieza Vanden Broeke, V. S. Vivek, E. Peter Walker, Michael F. Walsh, Manoj Wijesooriya
The prevalence of crystal-induced arthropathies (CIA) – gout (monosodium urate, MSU), pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, CPP), calcium hydroxyapatite (CHA or HA), and octacalcium phosphate (OCP) – is increasing. Distinguishing crystal type, whether MSU or one of the calcium crystal types, is a clinical challenge because diagnosis and treatment depend on the crystal type involved. Therefore, it is clinically relevant to be able to noninvasively distinguish between calcium compounds. Figure 7.4 shows different calcium crystals with almost overlapping x-ray attenuation profiles.
Bio-Ceramics for Tissue Engineering
Published in Naznin Sultana, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Chin Fhong Soon, Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 2020
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah, Te Chuan Lee, Maizlinda Izwana Idris, Mohamad Ali Selimin
Bone consists of pore structures that allow blood flow through it, which is similar to hydroxyapatite (HAp). The porous ceramic of HAp has the pore size of 100 μm, which allows the formation of apatite (Ravaglioli and Krajewski 1992). Even though the pore size of HAp is almost similar to natural bone, there is a difference in the pore structure of synthetic HAp (Lavernia and Scheonung 1991). Bone can be classified into three basic components such as non-organic, organic and water. Non-organic phase component takes up 69% of the bone weight, which is mostly HAp (Bose and Tarafder 2012). Other ceramic materials which exist in bone include dicalcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate amorphous and tricalcium phosphate. Hence, the ceramic system of calcium phosphate is ideal for this system as it could naturally exist in natural bone.
Dental Caries: Resistance Factors — Fluorides
Published in Lars Granath, William D. McHugh, Systematized Prevention of Oral Disease: Theory and Practice, 2019
Stephen H. Y. Wei, Jan Ekstrand
X-ray diffraction and other laboratory studies have indicated that several precursors in the formation of hydroxy-apatite crystal exist including dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, tricalcium phosphate, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and octacalcium phosphate.41–43 Kinetic studies have indicated that in the presence of fluoride, the mineralization of calcium phosphate radius is enhanced. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of the calcium phosphate phase in the presence of fluoride tends to favor the formation of hydroxy-apatite rather than octacalcium phosphate.44 It has been postulated that the fluoride acts as a catalyst during the mineralization phase resulting in the transformation of the highly soluble precursor phase to the more thermo-dynamically stable hydroxy-apatite.
Intervention of 3D printing in health care: transformation for sustainable development
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Sujit Kumar Debnath, Monalisha Debnath, Rohit Srivastava, Abdelwahab Omri
Digital light processing (DLP) is found to be superior to SLA in terms of process, wastage, and cost. Using the DLP, it is possible to build complex organ structures, including the heart, brain, vessel, ear, and trachea with superior stability and biocompatibility. The bone-mimetic 3D hydrogel was fabricated using the two-step digital light processing techniques [29]. The design consisted of a peripheral octacalcium phosphate-containing gelatine methacrylate (GelMA) ring and central GelMA containing endothelial cells. DLP technique was also explored for the development of solid oral dosage forms [30]. Prepared tablets demonstrated extended drug release with the increase in the number of perforations in the tablets. This technology was also explored in the development of hydrogel microneedle [31].
Odontoid calcification and crowned dens syndrome: data from a Chinese center
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Pei-Lin Lu, Zhong-Feng Niu, Chang-Wen Qiu, Xing-Yue Hu
There are different kinds of crystal deposit in the joint of crystalline-induced arthropathies, most often CPPD, and/or basic calcium phosphate (e.g., hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate), monosodium urate, It is unknown if different kinds of crystal deposition has different prevalence of acute attack of CDS. Multi-energy spectral photon-counting computed tomography (SPCCT) can differentiate and quantify monosodium urate crystal deposits and CPP from hydroxyapatite crystal deposits within an osteoarthritic meniscus [11], multi-energy SPCCT may be used to detect the difference of crystal component between CDS and non-CDS patients in future research.
The reduction in inflammation and impairment in wound healing by using strontium chloride hexahydrate
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2018
Sibel Berksoy Hayta, Kasim Durmuş, Emine Elif Altuntaş, Esin Yildiz, Mehmet Hisarciklıo, Melih Akyol
We also know that strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate has the potential to promote angiogenesis and strontium-substituted octacalcium phosphate coating promoted cell differentiation during tissue repair28,29. These studies suggest that strontium may have potential beneficial effects in wound healing.