China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fertilization and normal embryonic and early fetal development
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Asim Kurjak, Ritsuko K. Pooh, Aida Salihagic-Kadic, Iva Lausin, Lara Spalldi-Barisic
Along with the implantation process, changes occur in the embryoblast to produce a bilaminar embryonic disc, composed of the epiblast and the hypoblast. Early in the 2nd week, the amniotic cavity appears as a space lined with amnioblasts derived from the epiblast. By the end of the 2nd week, the embryonic disc becomes oval in shape. Along the median line in the posterior region of the embryonic disc, a thickening of the epiblast called the primitive streak appears, and it defines the longitudinal axis of the embryo. During the 3rd week, lateral epiblast cells migrate medially, enter the primitive streak, and then converge to form the primitive groove.
Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
In thoracic myelography it may be necessary to position the patient in the lateral position with the median plane parallel to the table top. This straightens the spine and will allow easier flow of the contrast medium into the dorsal region. Again, care must be taken to support the patient’s head and neck on a high firm pad.
Classification of skill
Published in Andrea Utley, Motor Control, Learning and Development, 2018
Understanding planes will facilitate learning and the use of terms related to position of structures relative to each other and movement of various parts of the body. Figure 2.6 shows the three planes of the body about which movement takes place. The frontal or coronal plane separates the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back). The sagittal or median plane separates the body into right and left parts, and the horizontal or transverse plane separates the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom).
Patient-specific pre-operative simulation of the surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion using finite element method and Latin hypercube sampling: workflow and first clinical results
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
L. Bonitz, A. Volf, S. Hassfeld, A. Pugachev, B. Ludwig, S. Chhatwani, A. Bicsák
The planning was performed on preoperative CT scans, and the follow-up was based on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans taken 4 months postoperatively. The volumetric data were segmented using ScanIP and transformed into the same coordinate system for superimposition. Using the CloudCompare V2.1.1. for superimposition, three bone areas were manually stacked, the zygomatic arch on both sides, the great foramen, and the sella turcica. For the best fit, fine-tuning was subsequently performed using the iterative closest point (ICP) registration algorithm. A median plane in the midline orthogonal to the Frankfort horizontal plane was constructed. For further analysis, we used only the vestibular surface shells from the dentoalveolar and maxillary bone formation by removing the other surfaces using the ANSYS SpaceClaim V19.2. Finally, we compared the spatial differences of the surface shell using a heatmap diagram and extracted from the deviation histogram the minimal and maximal distances from each side with the calculation of the modal values.
White matter lesions are associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Weihua Huang, Huanmin Li, Huan Li, Tianrong Huang, Shiqi Yuan, Tianming Lü
OSAHS diagnosis was established with a standard overnight polysomnography. The polysomnographic recordings from our unit met the guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) [11]. In all centers, the sleep studies included the following: oronasal flow by nasal cannula, thoracoabdominal movements, electrocardiography, submental and electrooculography, electroencephalography, and pulse oximetry. The body position was measured using a position sensor attached to the anterior chest wall on the median line. The sensor differentiated 4 positions including supine, right lateral, left lateral, and prone position. Polysomnographic recordings were visually scored by specialized technicians using the AASM criteria. Apneas were scored if the decrease in airflow was ≥90% for at least 10s, whereas hypopneas were scored if the decrease in airflow was ≥30% for at least 10s with a decrease in oxygen saturation of 4% or followed by a micro-arousal. The severity of OSAHS, based on the AHI, was categorized as mild (5/h≤ AHI<15/h), moderate to severe (AHI was ≥15/h). To assess the severity of hypoxemia, we calculated the duration of oxygen saturation < 90%, which was expressed as SaO2 < 90% total sleep time (TST SaO2 < 90%). The lowest oxygen saturation level (LSaO2) was gathered for each patient.
Characterization of the Two Inducible Cre Recombinase-Based Mouse Models NG2-CreER™ and PDGFRb-P2A-CreERT2 for Pericyte Labeling in the Retina
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Daniela Mayr, Julia Preishuber-Pflügl, Andreas Koller, Susanne M. Brunner, Christian Runge, Anja-Maria Ladek, Francisco J. Rivera, Herbert A. Reitsamer, Andrea Trost
Time points of analysis vary between the different groups: tissue was harvested earliest in 36 days old mice when retinal vascular development was finished or 6 days post-TAM induction when TAM was administered to adult mice (Table 1). The animals were anesthetized by a ketamine/xylazine solution (100/5 mg/kg i.p., Sigma–Aldrich, Austria) and sacrificed by an overdose of pentobarbital (Release 600 mg/kg i.p., WDT Pharma, Germany). Eyes were removed and immediately fixed by immersion in 4% buffered formaldehyde solution (Merck, Germany) for 1 h at room temperature (RT). Fixed eyes were washed in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PO4; pH 7.4) for 24–48 h (4 °C) and transferred into PO4 containing 15% D-sucrose (VWR International, Austria) (24 h; 4 °C). Eyes were frozen at −80 °C by using 2-methylbutane (GPR RECTAPURE, VWR International, Austria) and stored at −20 °C. For downstream analysis, eyes were cut into halves at the sagittal, median plane of the eye.