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Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The MCL and LCL ligaments lie outside the joint capsule on the medial and lateral aspects of the knee. The MCL runs from the medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle of the tibia and the LCL runs from the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Together these two ligaments check hyperextension of the knee. Individually, the MCL and LCL prevent excessive abduction and adduction of the knee respectively. Injury to the collateral ligaments typically occurs in sports activities as a result of contact. For example, the LCL could be injured during a heavy tackle from the side in rugby when the legs of the player being tackled are obstructed and prevented from moving with the tackle by a teammate lying on the ground. As the tackler moves the upper body of the player sideways, the collateral ligaments that oppose the movement are under tensile strain. If the large force being applied during the tackle is greater than the tensile strength of the LCL when the knee is being forcibly adducted, the ligament will rupture. At the moment the ligament ruptures, a loud pop is often heard as the ligament snaps. The result is an immediate loss of stability at the knee, allowing it to move into an extreme adducted position. The damaged ligament is typically surgically repaired or reconstructed in athletes to enable them to regain stability and return to play after a lengthy rehabilitation period.
Injuries of the knee and leg
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Bone may be avulsed from the: medial epicondyle of the femur at the origin of the MCL (Pellegrini-Stieda lesion)tip of the fibula, probably from the LCL or a posterolateral corner injurytibial spine at the insertion of the ACLcentral portion of the posterior tibia at the insertion of the PCL near edge of the lateral tibial condyle by the iliotibial tract or capsule – this is called a Segond fracture and is associated with an ACL injury.
The Liver (LR)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
On the medial thigh, 4 cun proximal to the medial epicondyle of the femur and LR 8, in the cleft between the vastus medialis and sartorius muscles. (See Figure 12-24 for location.) (Alternate method: Starting at LR 8, slide a finger craniad across the vastus medialis and sartorius muscles to reach a tender spot within a depression.)
Response to pregabalin and progesterone differs in male and female rat models of neuropathic and cancer pain
Published in Canadian Journal of Pain, 2020
Robert G. Ungard, Yong Fang Zhu, Sarah Yang, Peter Nakhla, Natalka Parzei, Kan Lun Zhu, Gurmit Singh
Rats were anaesthetized with inhaled isoflurane (3%–5% in O2) and oriented in a supine position with their right hind limb fixed to a stationary convex support to maintain the limb in a flexed position. A small incision was made on the medial side to expose the quadriceps femoris and the vastus lateralis was incised to expose the medial epicondyle of the femur. A small cavity was drilled between the medial epicondyle and the adductor tubercle with a 0.8 A stereotaxic drill equipped with a 1.75-mm burr. A 25-gauge needle was inserted into this cavity to penetrate the intramedullary canal. The needle was removed and replaced with a blunted 25-gauge needle attached to a Hamilton syringe containing the live MRMT-1 or heat/freeze-inactivated MRMT-1 (sham) cell suspension. The suspension was dispensed slowly into the canal and the syringe was left in place for 1 min to prevent leakage. The cavity was then sealed with dental amalgam and fixed using a curing light. The wound was flushed with sterile deionized water, and muscle, fascia, and skin were sutured. Cancer cell implantation to the distal femur was performed as described in detail in previously published methods.19,20
Effects of Kinesio taping in rectus femoris activity and sit-to-stand movement in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: placebo-controlled, repeated-measure design
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2019
Adriana Neves dos Santos, Livia Pessarelli Visicatto, Ana Beatriz de Oliveira, Nelci Adriana Cicuto Ferreira Rocha
Then, in the upright position, 27 non-co-linear passive markers (15 mm) were placed at the following anatomical landmarks on both sides: acromion, sternum, spinous process of 7th cervical and 5th lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, posterior superior iliac spine, prominence of the greater trochanter, lateral and medial epicondyle of the femur, lateral and medial malleolus, 1st and 5th metatarsal bone, tip of big toe, and heel bone. Two clusters were positioned in the spinous processes of the 9th thoracic and 1st lumbar vertebrae, and two rectangle-shaped clusters were placed laterally in both thighs and legs (Figure 1(A,B)). The same examiner attached the markers for all participants.