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Lower Limb Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Malynda Williams
Mieden (1982) describes an infant with median cleft lip, hypotelorism, and alobar holoprosencephaly. The fourth lumbrical muscle was absent on the left side (Mieden 1982). The author does not specify if it was a hand or foot lumbrical. On the left side of a child with trisomy 21, there were double lumbrical muscles between digits four and five (Bersu 1980). In the right foot of the fetus with craniorachischisis dissected by Alghamdi et al. (2018), the first lumbrical muscle was absent. Hootnick et al. (1987) describe an individual that had a right limb with congenital tibial aplasia, talocalcaneal synchondrosis, and an adducted foot with five toes. In this limb, the four lumbricals partially arose from the common flexor tendon sheet found in the foot.
Introduction
Published in J. Terrence Jose Jerome, Clinical Examination of the Hand, 2022
As the tips of the fingers close in normal grasp, the tension on the lumbricals progressively increases. When grasp is almost completed, the lumbricals are physiologically in position to contribute most to the flexion of the MCP joint and grasp.
Examination of Foot and Ankle in a Child
Published in Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Clinical Orthopedic Examination of a Child, 2021
Nirmal Raj Gopinathan, Mandeep Singh Dhillon, Pratik M. Rathod
The axis of foot is formed by the second metatarsal, and the dorsal interossei are responsible for fanning out of the webs and the plantar interossei are responsible for closing the webs. They can be tested by placing a card between the toes and asking the patient to resist pull by closing the web. The lumbricals along with the interossei are responsible for flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints.
A musculoskeletal model of the hand and wrist: model definition and evaluation
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
M. Mirakhorlo, N. Van Beek, M. Wesseling, H. Maas, H. E. J. Veeger, I. Jonkers
As the attachment points of lumbricals III and IV were missing from the anatomical data set due to technical problems explained in (Mirakhorlo et al. 2016), the paths of these muscles were estimated by scaling based on the attachment points of the first lumbrical and the lengths of the index, middle and ring phalanges. Furthermore, due to lack of sufficient via-points in the data set for flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) II and III, flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) IV, extensor digitorum (ED) II, ED IV, ED V (See Table 1 for abbreviations), an additional via point, in the middle between two measured via points located at metacarpal and proximal phalange, was added for all muscles mentioned above.
Rare finding in peripheral nerve surgery: an unicentric Castleman disease presenting as median nerve tumour
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2018
Anne Carolus, Roland Schroers, Iris Tischoff, Kirsten Schmieder, Christopher Brenke
A 51 year old man presented to our outpatient department with an increasing swelling in the right distal upper arm. He reported about local pain without radiation. The patient´s medical history was without previous infections, surgeries or other diseases. The mass in the arm presented solid and relocatable. The examination showed full strength in all upper extremity muscles, especially in the forearm flexors, in M. pronator, M. abductor pollicis brevis, M. flexor pollcis brevis, M. opponens pollcis and Mm. lumbricales I and II. No sensory loss in the upper arm, the forearm, the palm and dorsum of the hand and the fingers could be found.
A new musculoskeletal AnyBody™ detailed hand model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Lucas Engelhardt, Maximilian Melzner, Linda Havelkova, Pavel Fiala, Patrik Christen, Sebastian Dendorfer, Ulrich Simon
Another unique feature of the human hand is the origin points of the lumbricals. In contrast to regular muscles, the lumbricals do not origin from a bone, rather the tendon of the FDP. Therefore, the force of the lumbrical is transmitted onto the FDP tendon. Regarding the modeling, this behavior was realized by a massless substitute segment, which was placed between two via-points on the FDP tendon.