China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
RLE Orthopaedic Injury Management
Published in Mansoor Khan, David Nott, Fundamentals of Frontline Surgery, 2021
Jowan Penn-Barwell, Daniel Christopher Allison
Elbow and forearm:Elbow at 90° of flexion.Forearm at neutral pronation/supination (thumb pointed up).Wrist and hand:Wrist at 30° of extension.Metacarpophalangeal joints at 90° of flexion.Interphalangeal joints fully extended.
The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
The possible range of movement of a joint about one axis may be influenced by the position of the joint about another of its axes. The metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers are tri-axial joints with two degrees of freedom in which the range of adduction-abduction is maximal when the joints are in the normal position of usage—semiflexed to fully extended—and all but eliminated when they are fully flexed. Axial rotation is small and conjunct with adduction and abduction (66,67). The radii of curvature of the metacarpal head in coronal and sagittal planes are very similar except anteriorly, where the articular surface is much flattened: this is the principal reason that adduction and abduction are eliminated in full flexion (Fig. 12D) (67,68).
Regional Anesthesia
Published in Marwali Harahap, Adel R. Abadir, Anesthesia and Analgesia in Dermatologic Surgery, 2019
Nerve block technique(s) (Fig. 7): Select the digit to be blocked. Identify the metacarpophalangeal joint. Identify the corresponding proximal interphalangeal joint. Each digit will have bilateral dorsal and palmar digital nerves that course along each lateral aspect of the proximal phalanx.The injection will occur along a path as if it were a “ring.” The injection should be made into the subcutaneous fat. From there, anesthesia will diffuse to the deeper neurovascular bundle. One should not attempt to elicit paresthesia or to “step the needle” along the bony phalanx as this increases the risk of laceration of the neurovascular bundle and/or intraneuronal injection. Not more than 4 to 6 mL of 1–2% lidocaine (choose concentration after considering volume and dosing limitations) should be injected in order to avoid volume tamponade/compression of the neurovascular bundle. This injection will block the bilateral dorsal and palmar digital nerves.
Raymond D. Adams and Joseph M. Foley: Elaborating the neurologic manifestations of hepatic encephalopathy (1949–1953)
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2021
In a preliminary report in 1949, Adams and Foley called the abnormal movement seen in patients with hepatic encephalopathy a “tremor” (Adams and Foley 1949a). They soon partially corrected this simplistic and erroneous characterization, instead describing “almost rhythmical” tremor-like oscillations during maintenance of posture in patients with advanced hepatic encephalopathy (Adams and Foley 1949b). The movements were absent at rest and on movement. Despite the irregular oscillatory features of the movement disorder, Adams and Foley nevertheless persisted in labeling it a “tremor” in their more expanded report: The movements were almost rhythmical at about 3–5 per second, but with occasional bursts of exacerbation and acceleration. … There were side-to-side movements of the fingers, flexion-extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints, [and] flexion-extension, radial-ulnar deviation, and pronation-supination at the wrists. In the more severe instances there were flexion-extension at the elbow and abduction-adduction of the shoulder. Flexion-extension of the knee and flexion-extension of the ankle were the only components in the legs. Forcible closure of the eye and forcible retraction of the corners of the mouth could bring on the tremor in the face. (Adams and Foley 1949b, 218; emphasis added)
Multilocular lipoma of the left thumb of the hand: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2021
Ahmed Wafiq Wafa, Shabir Wani, Tuqa A. Alsinan, Sarah Alkhonizy
For more investigations, the patient underwent several imaging workups. An MRI of the left thumb was ordered to confirm the findings, which showed a multilocular soft-tissue lesion along the volar aspect of the left thumb. The lesion extends from the level of the mid-distal phalanx to the first metacarpophalangeal joint. The lesion measures 2.2 × 2.8 × 4.3 cm in anteroposterior, transverse, and cranio-caudal diameters respectively. The lesion is surrounding the anterior, medial, and lateral borders of the flexor pollicis longus tendon with no deep extension to the tendon. After contrast administration, there is no definite enhancement. While the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus demonstrates a nonspecific abnormal signal intensity 1 cm above the base of the proximal phalanx. The remaining part of the tendon demonstrates normal signal intensity and thickness (Figure 2(A,B)). The patient was admitted to our institute for excision of the left thumb swelling. Under aseptic precautions and tourniquet control, a rectangular radially based incision was made over the left thumb over the thumb and the flap was raised in order to secure the neurovascular bundle. The mass was excised completely from the left thumb with no immediate or late complications (Figure 3(A–D)).
Altered Arm-Body Coordination with Triggered Pointing Responses as Influenced by Task Predictability
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2020
Erik C. Prout, Andrew H. Huntley, John L. Zettel
Three-dimensional body and arm motion were collected using a motion analysis system (Optotrak 3020, Northern Digital Inc., Waterloo, Canada). Infrared emitting diodes (IREDs) arranged on rigid bodies (four IREDs; non-collinear) were affixed to the right forearm, head, trunk, pelvis, and the lower legs. Nineteen anatomical landmarks were digitized relative to these rigid bodies (bilaterally at the mastoid process, acromion process, angle of ribs, ASIS, iliac crest, greater trochanter, patella, lateral malleolus, as well as at the xyphoid process, right radius head, and right ulna styloid process) to determine body segment position. Additionally, a single IRED was placed on the index finger metacarpophalangeal joint to provide finger position. All missing marker data was interpolated (maximum: two-point frame gap; 40 ms) using a five-point cubic spline (MATLAB, Version 7.4, Natick, MA). Data were collected at a sampling frequency of 50 Hz and low-pass filtered (10 Hz cutoff frequency; fourth order dual-pass Butterworth filter).