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Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
The lumbar spine is composed of five vertebral segments. Each segment articulates with the segment above and below via facet joints on either side of the spine and with the intervertebral disc directly above and below, attaching to each vertebral body. In the lumbar spine, facet joints are orientated to allow flexion, extension and side-bending, but to restrict rotational movement (see Figure 7.18).
Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
Sciatica is a medical condition affecting the lumbar spine in which a tear in the fibrous rings, or annulus fibrosus, of an intervertebral disc allows the nucleus pulposus, which is the gelatinous central portion of the intervertebral disc, to bulge out beyond the weakened damaged outer fibrous rings, resulting in back pain and nerve root irritation. It most commonly arises in middle-aged patients.
Tumors of the Spine, Intervertebral Disk Prolapse, the Cauda Equina Syndrome
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
Patrick J. Shenot, M. Louis Moy
The intervertebral disk in the adult is a complex avascular structure (Figure 14.4). The nucleus pulposus is restrained by dense collagenous annulus fibrosis. Herniated disks in the lower lumbar spine most often result from avulsion of the vertebral endplate junction with unilateral posterolateral herniations impinging on the anterolateral aspect of the traversing nerve root being most common.15,16 Central zone posterior disk herniation may affect nerve roots bilaterally.
Effects of backrest and seat-pan inclination of tractor seat on biomechanical characteristics of lumbar, abdomen, leg and spine
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Qichao Wang, Yihuan Huo, Zheng Xu, Wenjie Zhang, Yujun Shang, Hongmei Xu
The spine plays various roles in supporting the trunk, protecting the internal organs, controlling human movement and protecting the spinal cord. The adult spine consists of 26 vertebrae, including seven cervical vertebrae (C1–C7), 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1–T12), five lumbar vertebrae (L1–L5), one sacral vertebra and one caudal vertebra from the top to the bottom. The load of spine in different parts is the sum of the weight of the above limbs, muscle tension and external load. Therefore, the spine gradually widens from the top to the bottom, which is in line with the gradual increase in spinal load. The thoracic vertebra is the most important part of human spine, playing important roles in maintaining the stability and driving the movement of human upper limbs. The lumbar spine is located at the bottom of the spine, acting as a junction of the movable segment and the fixed segment. It bears a large load and is the most frequent site for the occurrence of lumbar occupational diseases. Based on these facts, this study selected some thoracic segments and the whole lumbar segment as the objects for analysis.
Rehabilitation and return to sport of a high-level track & field athlete with low back pain - a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Brian Østergaard Sørensen, Christian Lund Straszek
The current symptoms arose following a hammer throw session. The patient described the initial symptoms as very painful and the pain affected his daily activities. The intensity of the pain symptoms decreased gradually during the first week and remained unchanged over the next 6 weeks. The pain symptoms manifested as central symmetrical LBP with slightly greater pain on the right side compared to the left. The patient reported worsening of pain symptoms while bending forward (e.g. while putting on socks and underwear), during sitting and while lying in a prone position. Occasionally, the patient would experience curve reversal after prolonged sitting. Curve reversal is observed clinically in some patients with LBP following prolonged sitting or flexion of the spine. Patients will have to ease themselves gradually into an upright position due to pain or because they feel obstructed while moving into extension (Figure 1). The patient was sometimes able to reduce pain symptoms while lying on the side or in supine or by standing or sitting with a slightly increased lumbar lordosis. The patient used over-the-counter medication (e.g. paracetamol or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs) although these had limited effect on his current pain symptoms. The patient had an X-ray examination of the lumbar spine 4 weeks prior to the initial physiotherapy consultation; however, no abnormalities were found. Overall, the patient was in general good health with no prior history of serious pathology.
Management of myxopapillary ependymoma: a retrospective study from three institutions
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Anas Abdallah, Gökhan Baloğlu, Betül Güler Abdallah, Meliha Gündağ Papaker, Usame Rakip
A total of 44 patients with MPE were treated surgically in three institutions. Male sex was predominant with a 28/16 ratio. The mean age was 36.2 ± 14.5 years (range; 11–67 years). Moreover, six (13.6%) patients were children (≤18 years). The preoperative course was 19.2 ± 39.4 months (ranges; 0.5–240 months). The most common symptom was leg pain, observed in 35 (79.5%) patients. The most common clinical findings were loss of sensation and motor deficit, observed in 18 (40.9%) and 16 (36.4%) patients, respectively. However, 9 (20.5%) patients presented with no preoperative neurological deficits. The most commonly involved region was the lumbar spine, which occurred in 33 (75%) patients. The mean number of involved spinal segments was 2.0 ± 1.2 (range; 1–7 segments) (Table 2).