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Avoiding Risky Substances and Environmental Exposures
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Natasha DeJarnett, Neha Pathak
The FDA prohibits the use of the following toxic substances in cosmetics due to their sensitization, irritant, and carcinogenic qualities, including bithionol, chlorofluorocarbon propellants, chloroform, halogenated salicylanilides (di-, tri-, metabromsalan and tetrachlorosalicylanilide), hexachlorophene, mercury compounds, methylene chloride, prohibited cattle materials, sunscreens in cosmetics, vinyl chloride, and zirconium-containing complexes.68 Additional toxicants of concern in cosmetics include heavy metals (lead, arsenic, and cadmium), endocrine disruptors (phthalates, bisphenol-A, triclosan, persistent organic pollutants, etc.), parabens, phenols, and formaldehyde. Women aged 18–34 years are considered heavy buyers of beauty products, consuming more than 10 products annually.69 The topical use of cosmetics products can result in dermal exposures to toxic substances. In addition, cosmetics can be ingested. It is estimated that many women will ingest 2 lbs of lipstick in their lifetime if they use five tubes annually from age 16 to 60 years.70 Lead levels in lipstick can affect blood lead levels in children.71
Mouth, tongue, lips and ears
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Allergic contact dermatitis can occur on the lips from lipstick, lip salves, toothpaste or mouth washes. The diagnosis is confirmed by patch testing (see p. 15). Atopic eczema may affect the lips as well as the rest of the skin of the face (see p. 170). Many children suck or lick their lips causing a red scaly rash around the mouth, which only extends as far as the tongue can reach (Fig. 6.31). Oral retinoids cause dryness and scaling of the lips and the skin around the mouth (seeFig. 5.54, p.95)
Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A woman had severe dermatitis of the face and neck which was caused by methyl 2-octynoate in a face cream as shown by open application of ‘the essential ingredients’ of the product to the face (14). Another female patient had allergic contact cheilitis presumably caused by methyl 2-octynoate in a lipstick. The author mentions that the fragrance was ‘the irritant’, but its patch test concentration was probably too high (15).
Therapeutic potential of castor oil in managing blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Emma C Sandford, Alex Muntz, Jennifer P Craig
According to the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients,82 castor oil is classified as an emollient, oleaginous vehicle and solvent. As such, it is commonly used in topical creams and ointments at concentrations of between 5.0 and 12.5 per cent, while lipstick may feature concentrations of up to 81 per cent. It is also used in liquid capsule form, in ophthalmic emulsions with,38,39,83 and without,38,68,70,83,84 cyclosporin, and as a solvent in intramuscular injections,82 as well as having been used as a drug delivery vehicle.85 Its reactive hydroxyl functional groups act as polyols and aid the development of new and ‘green’ polymeric materials including wound dressings86 and nanoparticle dressings.87 Tissue engineering and bio‐adhesives made from castor oil benefit from the polymerisation properties of ricinoleic acid.61
Mineral oil in food, cosmetic products, and in products regulated by other legislations
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2019
Ralph Pirow, Annegret Blume, Nicole Hellwig, Matthias Herzler, Bettina Huhse, Christoph Hutzler, Karla Pfaff, Hermann-Josef Thierse, Tewes Tralau, Bärbel Vieth, Andreas Luch
Market analysis of mineral oil qualities in lipstick has shown that consumers may be exposed to non-compliant qualities. A more detailed analysis of MOSH revealed that a high percentage of the products contained more than 5% of hydrocarbons below C25 indicating that mineral oils of a lower molecular mass range have been used. Female F-344 rats exposed to low viscosity oils in their daily diet for 90 days exhibited inflammatory liver granulomas which are regarded as adverse by EFSA and JECFA (see Section “Effects associated with the accumulation of MOSH in animal tissues” for details). Mineral oil-induced histological changes can also occur in the human liver, noteworthily, with a different morphology designated as lipogranuloma. The induced effect has been considered clinically unimportant in humans because there is no evidence of a concurrent inflammatory response (for details see Section “Histopathological lesions associated with the deposition of MOSH in human tissues”). The amount of MOSH per day (up to 0.7 mg/kg bw per day) that a consumer accidentally ingests using a lipstick contributes roughly 10% to the ADI (BfR 2018).
Making Diversity Conform? An Intersectional, Longitudinal Analysis of LGBT-Specific Mainstream Media Advertisements
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2018
Hyperfeminine, hypersexualized lipstick lesbians are not the dominant type as suggested by previous studies (e.g. Ciasullo, 2001; Gill, 2009; Jenkins, 2005; Wilkinson, 1996). Lipsticks are long-haired, long-legged women, wearing tight, revealing clothes and bold makeup. They are of the upper or middle class, portrayed as unattainable, sophisticated women, uninterested in anything but their female counterpart. They adhere to heteronormative ideals of beauty as part of storylines for the “straight male gaze” (Ciasullo, 2001; Gill, 2009): they first attract male attention to then end up with another lipstick, much to the equal dismay and enjoyment of their male onlookers (e.g., XXL All Sports United, 2012). Over the time period studied, these portrayals have become less pervasive.