China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Metabolic Bone Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Paget's disease of bone (Figure 5.2) is a focal disorder of bone remodelling that results in a disorganized structure of woven and lamellar bone.
Coral-Derived Hydroxyapatite-Based Macroporous Bioreactors Initiate the Spontaneous Induction of Bone Formation in Heterotopic Extraskeletal Sites
Published in Ugo Ripamonti, The Geometric Induction of Bone Formation, 2020
By day 90, bone formation within the macroporous spaces is often substantial (Fig. 4.14). The newly formed bone is highly vascularized and tightly attached to the substratum. Across the serially cut specimens, there are always transitional morphological features that temporo-spatially reconstruct the spontaneous induction of bone formation. The images show the induction of bone morphogenesis within the macroporous spaces (Figs. 4.14a,b) together with osteoclastic resorption of both matrices and the newly formed bone. There is bone remodelling with the induction of lamellar bone (Figs. 4.14c,d), angiogenesis and capillary sprouting. Morphology across the macroporous spaces recapitulates a series of events across spatio-temporal time periods as also shown on day 60 after heterotopic implantation (Figs. 4.14e,f). Osteoclastic activity with remarkable capillary invasion is followed by the induction of bone formation and remodelling within concavities of the coral-derived substratum on day 90 (Figs. 4.14c,d). Osteoclastogenesis, capillary sprouting and the induction of bone formation are recapitulated on day 60 across serially cut macroporous constructs (Figs. 4.14e,f).
Introduction to Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
María Verónica Cuevas González, Eduardo Villarreal-Ramírez, Adriana Pérez-Soria, Pedro Alberto López Reynoso, Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez
Nowadays, cell-based approaches in combination with growth factors and lyophilized bone, membranes or metallic prostheses are probably the most abundantly researched and demonstrate the formation of healthy lamellar bone, without complications up to 6 months after treatment.
Recent Advances in Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Defects
Published in Organogenesis, 2020
Le-Yi Zhang, Qing Bi, Chen Zhao, Jin-Yang Chen, Mao-Hua Cai, Xiao-Yi Chen
Remodeling of the bony callus by osteoclasts to form the mature lamellar bone is the last stage of fracture repair.34 Osteoclast-mediated degradation of the bone yields bone-sequestered factors (TGF-beta) and factors produced by the osteoclasts (complement 3a, Wnt10b, BMP6, and SLIT3) which are critical in the subsequent osteogenesis.35 Finally, resorption ends with the osteoclast apoptosis. Monocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor kappaB Ligand (RANKL) as well as several other cytokines and signaling pathways are required for osteoclast formation, differentiation and survival.14 In addition, degradation of the cartilage callus may be accomplished indirectly through MMPs (MMP9 and MMP13) expressed by osteoblasts and chondrocytes.36
The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields combined with a static magnetic intramedullary implant on the repair of bone defects: A preliminary study
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2019
Zheheng Bao, Meng Fan, Le Ma, Qucheng Duan, Wenxue Jiang
At 5 weeks post-operation, the bone defect was not fully filled in the medullary cavity in the control group. New capillaries and proliferated fibroblasts were found in the medullary cavity, and inflammatory cells such as lymphocyte infiltrated locally. At the margin of the medullary cavity, a small amount of new bone tissue grew toward the center of the medullary cavity and the new bone structure was less. In the PEMFs group, the medullary cavity was basically filled with fibroblasts and capillaries. Mature lamellar bone tissue was formed at the edge of bone defect, and the osteoblasts were arranged at the edge of bone trabecula, but the formation of new bone tissue in the medullary cavity was less. In the combined magnetic field group, more new bone tissue was formed in the medullary cavity. There were more hypertrophic chondrocytes and new woven bone formation. The matrix of new bone trabeculae was unevenly stained, and a large number of osteoblasts were arranged at the edge of new bone trabeculae. Osteogenesis and bone tissue remodeling are active (Figure 5).
Idiopathic Pericardial Ossification Causing Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2022
Sandhya Biswal, Rudra Pratap Mahapatra, Anirban Kundu, Shradha Gupta, Siddhartha Sathia, Suvradeep Mitra
Grossly, the pericardium was received in fragments. It was gritty to cut. Histopathology showed markedly thickened and fibrotic pericardium along with epicardial fat. There was formation of woven bone within the pericardium with the formation of the intertrabecular marrow spaces (Figure 2a), the latter containing fat and hematopoietic lineage elements, chiefly erythroid and myeloid precursors (Figure 2b). The bone showed osteoblastic rimming (Figure 2c) as well as osteoclastic activity. Focally, the formation of lamellar bone was also noted (Figure 2d). Bone formation was also evident in a single focus within the epicardial fat (Figure 2e). No granuloma was identified. Stain for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) stain for fungus were negative.