China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Rhinosinusitis and Lacrimal Disorders
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Figure 102.1 shows the anatomy of the pediatric lacrimal system. The lacrimal glands, accessory lacrimal glands, Meibomian glands, and goblet cells secrete tear film, which is drained via lacrimal puncta, canaliculi, the lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct sequentially to the inferior nasal meatus (Hasner's valve).
Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Mammalian Eye
Published in David W. Hobson, Dermal and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
The musculature of the eyelids includes the muscles which close the eye, the orbicularis oculi, and those that open the eye, the levator palpebrae being the major muscle. A smooth muscle (Muller’s muscle) is found deep, extending along the course of the levator. It is under adrenergic innervation and results in a widened palpebral margin when stimulated. The orbicularis muscle fibers are arranged in bundles parallel to the free lid margin. The muscle is restricted in its circular sphincter action by restrictions in the nasal and temporal extremities. A firm attachment is accomplished by the medial palpebral ligament in all animals except the primate, which has a common tendon of the superficial heads of the pretarsal orbicularis oculi that inserts in the medial orbital wall. On the temporal side, the common tendon of the temporal pretarsal orbital axis assumes the function of the lateral ligament in primates, while in the other animals it is the retractor anguli muscle which serves this function. These structures allow the lid to close from laterally to medially, propelling tears to the medial aspect where the lacrimal puncta are found. The innervation to the eyelids includes sensory, motor, and autonomic portions. The sensory to the upper lid is the frontal branch of the ophthalmic division of the fifth cranial nerve, while the lower is the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve. Motor innervation is provided by the third (levator) and seventh (orbicularis) cranial nerves. The autonomic innervation is sympathetic to Muller’s and the smooth muscle of the third eyelid.
Head and neck
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
The lacrimal apparatus consists of the following: Lacrimal punctum is located at the medial canthus – upper and lower canaliculi lead from it to the lacrimal sac, travelling beneath the upper and lower limbs of the medial canthal ligament.Lacrimal sac drains into the nasolacrimal duct, which empties into the inferior meatus of the lateral wall of the nose; the sac is pulled open during contraction of the palpebral fibres of orbicularis oculi and closes by elastic recoil. Valves in the canaliculi prevent reflux.
Pembrolizumab-induced Stevens–Johnson Syndrome with Severe Ocular Complications
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Soyoung Ryu, Ikhyun Jun, Tae-Im Kim, Kyoung Yul Seo, Eung Kweon Kim
The patient was admitted to the oncology division of our hospital, and the dermatologist and ophthalmologist continued to monitor the progress. Along with 12 mg oral methylprednisolone and 125 mg intravenous methylprednisolone per day, the patient was treated aggressively with topical steroids (dexamethasone ointment 4 times/day), lubrication (0.1% hyaluronic acid every hour), and prophylactic topical antibiotics (0.5% moxifloxacin 4 times/day). The pseudo-membrane was removed in the first two visits (second visit was scheduled one day after the first visit). Therapeutic contact lenses were prescribed and all four lacrimal puncta were plugged in both eyes. After 2 weeks of treatment, corneal epithelial defects and pseudo-membranes disappeared, minimal punctate epithelial erosions remained in the inferior part of both cornea, and skin lesions had improved. No definite sign of acute stage ocular SJS pathology was noted, and intravenous methylprednisolone was stopped. Oral steroid dose was gradually tapered from 2 weeks after the first administration, and completely tapered off after 3 months. In addition, topical steroid was altered from dexamethasone ointment 4 times/day to prednisolone 4 times/day after a week of treatment and subsequently tapered off.
Flap suturing endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy assisted by ultrasonic bone aspirator
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Hirohiko Tachino, Hiromasa Takakura, Hideo Shojaku, Michiro Fujisaka, Shinsuke Ito, Yutaro Oi, Anh Tram Do, Chiharu Fuchizawa, Tatsuya Yunoki, Atsushi Hayashi
One hundred forty consecutive patients operated on with our new modified technique were enrolled from January 2014 to May 2021 at Toyama University Hospital. All patients were diagnosed as having a NLDO, the cause of which was age-related in the majority of them. Those NLDO patients with occlusion of the lacrimal punctum or canaliculus were excluded. All patients preoperatively underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations by ophthalmologic specialists that included a lacrimal irrigation test and the computed tomography imaging (CT) with dacrocystography (CT-dacryocystography). Because CT-dacryocystography is useful to diagnose the location of the NLDO, it was routinely performed before the DCR in our hospital. In addition, the patients underwent an endonasal fiberscopic diagnostic procedure performed by a rhinology specialist. Informed consent was obtained from all patients in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (approval no.: R2020166).
Eye Make-up Products and Dry Eye Disease: A Mini Review
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Mazyar Yazdani, Katja Benedikte Prestø Elgstøen, Tor Paaske Utheim
Tear fluid and particles attached to the ocular surface are drained by the nasolacrimal duct into the inferior meatus of the nose. Anatomically, the lacrimal passages are divided into bony and membranous lacrimal sections. The latter include the lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, and the nasolacrimal duct. The last two parts are lined by a double-layered epithelium containing superficial columnar cells and basal flattened cells. Goblet cells may also be present in the epithelial layer. During blinking, tears are wiped and pushed into the lacrimal puncta, small openings located in the nasal upper and lower eyelids. The punctum ends in the canaliculus, where the fluid drains into the lacrimal sac followed by the nasolacrimal duct canal before reaching the nasal cavity.31