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Head and Neck
Published in Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno, Understanding Human Anatomy and Pathology, 2018
Rui Diogo, Drew M. Noden, Christopher M. Smith, Julia Molnar, Julia C. Boughner, Claudia Barrocas, Joana Bruno
The external anatomy of the orbital region (Plate 3.32) includes the eyelashes (cilia), palpebral fissure (opening between eyelids, or rima), medial and lateral palpebral commissures (joining of upper and lower eyelids), medial and lateral angles (canthi) of the eye, lacrimal caruncle bump and the lacrimal lake surrounding it, the lacrimal papilla bump and the lacrimal puncta opening at its apex. The anterior aspect of the eyeball includes the sclera, cornea, iris, and pupil. The sclera and lids are lined by the bulbar conjunctiva and palpebral conjunctiva, forming the superior and inferior conjunctival fornices and conjunctival sac of the eye.
The Stomach (ST)
Published in Narda G. Robinson, Interactive Medical Acupuncture Anatomy, 2016
Orbicularis oculi muscle: The lacrimal part brings the eyelids and the lacrimal puncta medially. It presses the lacrimal puncta into the lacrimal lake, which allows drainage of lacrimal fluid from the lake into the puncta via capillary action. The palpebral part closes the eyelids gently, helping to keep the cornea moist. The orbital part of the muscle closes the lids more forcefully, as when one squints. This helps prevent dust and glaring light from entering the eye.
Dacryocystectomy: Indications and Results at Tertiary Eye Hospital in Central Saudi Arabia
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2018
Alicia Galindo-Ferreiro, Mohammed Dufaileej, Alberto Galvez-Ruiz, Rajiv Khandekar, Silvana A. Schellini
Nearly 25% of the patients in the current study had coexisting dry eye preoperatively. DCT was a very good option for these cases, as tear production decreases with increased age and the majority of our patients were elderly.11,13 Moisture loss due to evaporation from the eye increases in conditions such as low relative humidity, occurring as part of natural variation at different geographic locations or in special circumstances like air conditioning or other artificial environments.14,15 Similarly, tear evaporation is increased by exposure to high wind velocity. Many of the environmental conditions that increase evaporation from the eye are present in Saudi Arabia, predisposing to dry eye. The complaint of dry eye postoperatively was observed in 6.4% of our patients. This observation was likely due to the maintenance of the tears in the lacrimal lake, improving patient symptoms. Hence, this may increase the possibility of good outcomes with DCT in patients with chronic dacryocystitis associated with dry eyes, as previously reported.16
Punctal Ectropion repair using the Raus–Garito clamp
Published in Orbit, 2018
Peter P. M. Raus, Nathalie Bral, Richard Collin
We think that a DET procedure with our clamp can correct an early ectropion of the lower punctum lacrimale. It promises to be an additional advantage in pronounced cases of ectropion. It is a fast and easy procedure and patients’ acceptance is excellent. Even when the tear punctum is still visible after surgery with slit lamp examination, the epiphora may disappear. Probably a punctum in the lacrimal lake can be enough to relieve the symptoms of tearing, especially in older patients with less tear secretion. For a DET surgery as the only procedure, blood thinning drugs do not have to be stopped and since the procedure only takes 15 minutes, it can be performed in most patients, even if in relatively poor general condition. Although the conjunctival scar can correct some laxity of the medial canthal tendon (MCT), patients with severe laxity of the MCT may need an additional lazy-T correction. We think that the surgery itself does not weaken the MCT thanks to the angulated form of the clamp with less traction on the ligament, and the short duration of the intervention. Recently we slightly modified the clamp by making a slit also in the conjunctival arm of the clamp, according to the suggestion of Richard Collin. When the lower lid retractors appear to function properly, this modification will make it possible to limit the surgery to a simple excision of tarso-conjunctiva with an internal suture that includes the retractors, tarsus and the conjunctiva as described by Richard Collin.3 However further tests have to be performed to confirm our first optimistic results with this modified clamp.
Mini-monoka stenting for patients with perennial allergic conjunctivitis
Published in Orbit, 2019
Lior Or, David Zadok, Morris E. Hartstein
Basic principles guiding the treatment of punctal stenosis include: creating an appropriate opening, maintaining the position of the punctum against the lacrimal lake, enhancing tear access from the lacrimal lake to the opening of the punctum, and preserving lacrimal pump functioning.12