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Diverticulitis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
To understand diverticulitis, it is necessary to first understand diverticulosis. Diverticulosis is the development of small pouches in the wall at the last part of the large intestine (sigmoid colon). If a local pouch, or diverticulum, gets inflamed or infected, this is known as diverticulitis. Approximately 1%-10% of patients with diverticulosis may develop diverticulitis. Some literature states the number could be as high as 25%, but studies have not confirmed this.1 Typical symptoms include lower left-sided, crampy abdominal pain, bloating, tenderness, possible low grade fever, nausea with vomiting, and constipation or sometimes diarrhea.
Do I Have IBS?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
Diarrhea and abdominal pain, in particular, can occur in a range of gastrointestinal diseases and conditions, so it is very important to consult with your physician to be confident that you have ruled them out. Conditions that share symptoms with IBS fall into several basic categories. These include inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, bile acid diarrhea, pancreatic insufficiency, diverticulitis, cancer (which is extremely rare), and intestinal parasites.
Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Colorectal cancer is a malignant neoplastic disease of the large intestine. It is extraordinarily common. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer in the United States and some other countries. It is almost always an adenocarcinoma, which tends to form bulky exophytic masses or annular constricting lesions. The majority of colorectal cancers are thought to originate from malignant transformation of an adenomatous polyp or a serrated polyp. Being overweight or obese and then developing type 2 diabetes increases risks for colorectal cancer. Type 2 diabetes also means that diagnosed colorectal cancer will have a worsened prognosis.
The injuries of spleen and intestinal immune system induced by 2-Gy 60Co γ-ray whole-body irradiation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
An Wang, Zhongyu Shi, Lei Wang, Yan Wang, Xiaoying Chen, Changhao He, Xiaomeng Zhang, Wenhui Xu, Qian Fu, Tieshan Wang, Shujing Zhang, Yushan Gao, Sumin Hu
Intestine is not only an important organ for digestion and absorption, but also an important place for immune response. The intestinal immune system is mainly composed of GALT, associated cells, and associated molecules, which plays an essential role in maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis, mediating immune responses, and regulating inflammation (Kuai et al. 2021). GALT are located throughout the intestine and include PP, MLN, isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) (Liu, Yin, et al. 2020), IEL as well as lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) (Kaneko et al. 2005). MLN and PP are inductive sites, while lamina propria and IEL are effector sites (Chen et al. 1998). So, the T cells in IEL are derived or at least partially derived from MLN and PP. In this study, a significant decrease of IEL count was observed at the first day after irradiation. We contend it not only due to the direct damage by γ-ray, but also relate to the reduced lymphocyte source from MLN and PP. In addition, at day 21 after exposure, the IEL and PP lymphocyte counts returned to the normal level, however the MLN lymphocyte counts did not recover completely, suggesting the recovery of MLN was later than that of PP and IEL.
Naringenin modulates Cobalt activities on gut motility through mechanosensors and serotonin signalling
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Adeola Temitope Salami, Ademola Adetokubo Oyagbemi, Moyosore Victoria Alabi, Samuel Babafemi Olaleye
The transit time procedure was according to Kulkarni et al. (2007) and gastric emptying by Droppleman et al. (1980) and Yeung et al. (2001). Briefly, the animals were put onto a water-only fast for 18 hours before gavage administration of the vehicle. One hour later, the animals were orally administered the charcoal meal, then 30 minutes after this, they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Following midline laparotomy, the stomach and small intestine were carefully removed from the cardia to the ileo-caecal junction. Each stomach, including its contents, was weighed (in g) and then cut open and rinsed with physiological saline. Excess moisture was removed by gentle sponging with filter paper, and the empty stomach was weighed. The entire small intestine was gently stretched out on the experimental table and the total length measured (in cm). The distance travelled by the charcoal meal from the pyloric sphincter to the ileo-caecal junction was measured and expressed as a percentage of the total length.
Gnetum montanum extract induces apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of AKT in SW480 human colon cancer cells
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Xianglong Pan, Xiaotao Hou, Fan Zhang, Peiling Tang, Wanruo Wan, Zixia Su, Yeguo Yang, Wei Wei, Zhengcai Du, Jiagang Deng, Erwei Hao
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top three cancers with higher incident and mortality rate around the world. In 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) documented that approximately 1.15 million of new CRC cases (which is about 10% of all types of cancers) and >570,000 of CRC-related deaths (which is about 9.4% of all cancer-related deaths) were reported worldwide (Jung et al. 2020; Sung et al. 2021). Colon cancer is a malignant tumour grows from the epithelium mucosal crypts of the large intestine (Iqbal and George 2017). Gene mutations (such as adenomatous polyposis (APC), deleted in colorectal cancer (DCC), K-Ras, p53, B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), mismatch repair gene) and microsatellite instability are the common factors that led to the development of colon cancer (Ahmed 2020; Benson et al. 2021). The common treatments of colon cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy. Although the present diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have greatly been improved, the prognosis of colon cancer remains poor (Binefa et al. 2014; Li et al. 2021). The therapeutic drugs used to treat malignant tumours include chemo drugs, new technology drugs, and natural drugs. Research in exploring the novel natural compounds that can modulate apoptosis pathway of cancer cells for new drug development is intensively on-going. Various traditional plants with known medicinal properties are widely studied over the past decades (Hou et al. 2016; Aiello et al. 2019).