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Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
The anterior longitudinal ligament is wide and strong. It runs along the anterior side of the vertebral bodies and attaches to both the vertebrae and intervertebral discs. It helps to prevent hyperextension of the back. The posterior longitudinal is narrower and weaker than the anterior ligament. It runs along the posterior side of the vertebral bodies, inside the vertebral canal (see vertebral structure). This ligament attaches only to the intervertebral discs and its role is to help prevent hyperflexion of the spine. The ligamentum flava are a series of ligaments which join the laminae of adjacent vertebral arches together, making up the posterior wall of the vertebral canal. They derive their name from its unusual yellow colour (‘flavum’ in Latin), which is due to their high elastin content. Ligaments are usually inextensible cords, but the ligamentum flavum is more like an elastic band. It stretches when the trunk flexes, which helps to prevent rapid flexion that might result in injury to the intervertebral discs. It then recoils as the trunk extends and assists with this movement. The interspinous ligaments link the bodies of adjacent spinous processes throughout the vertebral column, and are relatively weak. The supraspinous ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes and is much stronger, helping to prevent hyperflexion of the back. Additional, smaller ligaments include the intertransverse ligaments, which link adjacent transverse processes. These are stronger in the thoracic region than elsewhere in the vertebral column.
Lumbar drain
Published in Hemanshu Prabhakar, Charu Mahajan, Indu Kapoor, Essentials of Anesthesia for Neurotrauma, 2018
To approach the subarachnoid space, the needle penetrates through the skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, duramater, and arachnoid (Figure 40.1). Supraspinous ligament attaches the tip of each spinous process. Interspinous ligament runs in between the spinous processes. The ligamentum flavum runs in between the vertebral lamina inside the vertebral canal and forms the roof of the vertebral canal.
Trauma Imaging
Published in Gareth Lewis, Hiten Patel, Sachin Modi, Shahid Hussain, On Call Radiology, 2015
Gareth Lewis, Hiten Patel, Sachin Modi, Shahid Hussain
In trauma patients, it is prudent to perform STIR imaging to assess for bone marrow and soft tissue oedema. In the context of trauma, underlying bone marrow oedema is suggestive of fracture, although the precise morphology of the fracture is better assessed with CT imaging. The presence of oedema within the ligaments is important in assessing the stability of an injury. Typically, injury to the interspinous ligaments is inferred by the presence of oedema within these tissues on STIR imaging. Assessment of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments is best appreciated on T2 and STIR imaging; ligaments should appear as a continuous low signal structure. Any focal defect or signal change in the ligament is suggestive of injury.
An exploration of clinical reasoning and practices used by physiotherapists in the rehabilitation of horses following interspinous ligament desmotomy surgery
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Overriding dorsal spinous processes (ORDSP) is recognised as one cause of thoracolumbar pain and has been reported to be the most common bone pathology of the thoracolumbar vertebrae (Clayton and Stubbs, 2016). The prevalence among horses with back pain is reported at 68% (Turner, 2011). Interspinous Ligament Desmotomy Surgery (ISLD), as described by Coomer, McKane, Smith, and Vandeweerd (2012) is one surgical treatment option. This involves cutting the interspinous ligaments between the affected processes. Following surgery a rehabilitation program is often commenced. The aims of this program are to resolve spasm of epaxial muscles, increase activity of muscles such as multifidus which stabilise the spine and to improve both movement of the spine and core strength (Coomer, McKane, Smith, and Vandeweerd, 2012). This is carried out alongside a progressive exercise plan that follows a period of restricted exercise. Anecdotally, physiotherapists are frequently involved in the post-surgery rehabilitation, however, little is known of their practice in this rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to explore the CR and practices of physiotherapists in the rehabilitation of horses following ISLD.
Risk factors related to adjacent segment degeneration: retrospective observational cohort study and survivorship analysis of adjacent unfused segments
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Jose Ramirez-Villaescusa, Jesús López-Torres Hidalgo, Antonio Martin-Benlloch, David Ruiz-Picazo, Francisco Gomar-Sancho
Regarding the indications of fusion, ASD-related signs were more frequent in patients with lumber canal stenosis than in patients with other conditions (degenerative disc disease or spondylolisthesis).24 These signs would be related to the progression of preoperative degenerative changes or rotational deformity. In addition, a greater number of fusion levels associated to a decompressive laminectomy with resection of the interspinous ligament in the proximal unfused segment alters the stability of the segment, due to loss of the posterior tension band. In a prospective study, Ekman et al., reported significant differences in risks of degeneration of the proximal segment when a complete laminectomy rather than isolated fusion was performed;25 and in an experimental study, Lai et al., reported significant differences following the performance of a complete laminectomy as opposed to a partial laminectomy with preservation of the interspinous ligament.26
A two-step procedure for coupling development and usage of a pair of human neck models
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Y. W. Wang, L. Z. Wang, S. Y. Liu, Y. B. Fan
Figure 10 depicted dynamic response results of pilot’s head-neck complex with passive muscle model during this typical arrested landing operation. Predicted Figure 10(a). It could be seen that the predicted responses were in reasonable agreement with test data, except the peak value at about 0.43 s. Strain of interspinous ligaments, which were thought to be the most dangerous ligaments under this condition, were shown in Figure 10(b). Peak value of interspinous ligaments strain was about 50.4%, which meant low injury risk according to current injuries criterion (Bass et al. 2007). Figure 10(c) and Figure 10(d) depicted rotation angles of spine segments and lumped discs forces (and moment) of C2C3 respectively, which could be used in the finite element analysis as boundary conditions.