China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Anatomy overview
Published in Stephanie Martin, Working with Voice Disorders, 2020
The rectus abdominis, external and internal oblique and the transversus abdominis are the abdominal muscles responsible for a decrease in the dimensions of the thoracic cavity. Their action increases intra-abdominal pressure, causing the abdominal contents to push upward and inward against the diaphragm, forcing it to return to its relaxed position and helping air to flow out of the lungs. The internal intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribs downwards and stiffen the rib interspaces. The transversus thoracic, the sub-costals, the quadratus lumborum and the serratus posterior inferior are accessory back muscles which exert a downward pull on the ribs.
The respiratory system
Published in Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella, Essentials of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology for Pharmacy and Allied Health, 2019
Laurie K. McCorry, Martin M. Zdanowicz, Cynthia Y. Gonnella
Assisting the muscles of the abdominal wall are the internal intercostal muscles. These muscles are also found between the ribs; however, they are oriented in a direction opposite to that of the external intercostal muscles. Contraction of these muscles pulls the ribs inward and downward.
Motion-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Published in John Kucharczyk, David J. Stewart, Alan D. Miller, Nausea and Vomiting: Recent Research and Clinical Advances, 2017
The coordinated action of the major respiratory muscles generates the changes in intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressures that are primarily responsible for producing the motor act of vomiting.157–159 Although respiratory muscle activity has not been studied during motion-induced vomiting, it is undoubtedly similar, if not identical, to that occurring when vomiting is produced under other conditions.147 During both the retching and expulsion phases of vomiting, the diaphragm and external intercostal (inspiratory) muscles co-contract with abdominal (expiratory) muscles in a series of bursts of activity.158,160,161 Internal intercostal (expiratory) muscles, in contrast, contract out of phase with these muscles during retching.158 During expulsion, abdominal muscle discharge is increased and prolonged,160,161 internal intercostal muscles are inactive,158 and the periesophageal portion of the diaphragm relaxes, presumably facilitating rostral movement of gastric contents.161,162
Immediate effects of postural repositioning on maximum phonation duration tasks in seated individuals with acquired dysarthria: a pilot study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Marie Julien, Maureen MacMahon, Dre Céline Lamarre, Dre Nicole Beaudoin, Jean-Michel Fortin, Dorothy Barthelemy
A triphasic EMG activation pattern was observed in control participants, which resembles that described by Watson et al. during breathing tasks in classical singers [23]. Indeed, in the first phase, the EMG burst occurred immediately before the onset of voice production during the MPD task, and seems to reflect a short inspiration in preparation for the MPD task, as supported by the audio recordings. This suggests that this EMG burst reflects the short inspiratory effort requirements of the tasks as perceived by the participants. In the second phase, no activity in any of the muscles was observed during voice production. This is probably due to the passivity of expiration, which is controlled by the gradual return of the diaphragm to its original position. In the third phase, when approaching the end of voice production, another EMG burst, which started with a small amplitude and gradually increased until the end of voice production, was observed. This likely reflects the participant’s planification process to produce the sound for as long as possible. This EMG burst was especially observed at the lower intercostal level. As the diaphragm is an inspiratory muscle, other muscles, such as the internal intercostal and the abdominals may contribute to this progressive phase and aid, by expiration, to prolong voice production.
How to minimize peri-procedural complications during subcutaneous defibrillator implant?
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2020
Muhammad R. Afzal, Toshimasa Okabe, Kevin Hsu, Schuyler Cook, Tanner Koppert, Raul Weiss
Adjunctive regional anesthesia using serratus anterior plain block and transversus thoracis muscle plane block have been shown to be safe and feasible during implantation of S-ICD [33,34]. Serratus plane block is performed under ultrasound guidance by placing the ultrasound at mid axillary line and moving medially to identify latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscle. The anesthetic medication is deposited in the latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior muscle plane. For the transversus thoracis muscle plane block, the ultrasound is placed on the left parasternal border at T3–T4 level and moved medially until the plane between the internal intercostal and transversus thoracis muscle is identified. The anesthetic medication is deposited between the internal intercostal and transversus thoracis muscle. Anesthesiology team typically performs these blocks. The studies have shown some subjective improvement in the requirement of pain medications in the postoperative period; although, there was no objective measurement for this. Further studies are needed to explore the role of adjunctive regional anesthesia. One limitation of this technique is the requirement of an anesthesiologist for pain block [35]. This may not be feasible from logistics standpoint and may incur additional financial burden.
Expiratory muscle strength training improves swallowing and respiratory outcomes in people with dysphagia: A systematic review
Published in International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 2019
Marinda Brooks, Emma McLaughlin, Nora Shields
The expiratory muscles expel air from the lungs and play a vital role in communication and swallowing. Active expiration is coordinated by the internal intercostal muscles, which lower the rib cage and decrease thoracic volume; and the abdominal wall muscles (internal and external obliques, rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis), which press the abdominal organs upwards into the diaphragm, reducing the thoracic cavity (Sapienza & Troche, 2012). Coughing is a coordinated activity involving expiratory muscle contraction to build up high positive intra-pleural and intra-airways pressures and develop peak expiratory flow rates that helps people clear mucous and aspirated material from the lungs. Expiratory muscle contraction also assists communication by moving air through the airways, and the glottis, which vibrates the vocal folds resulting in phonation and in the case of forced exhalation, such as in singing or yelling, by generating abdominal and thoracic pressure to push air out of the lungs (Sapienza & Troche, 2012).