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Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Limbic Encephalopathy in a Dysregulated Neuroimmune Network
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
Spatial relation difficulties are frequently reported, yet are not reliably detected on neuropsychological tests administered to CFS patients. Topographic brain mapping by BEAM scanning in those with visual-spatial complaints often demonstrates a right parietal abnormality, perhaps in the inferior parietal lobule, which has limbic connections. I have found BEAM scanning generally useful in situations when neuropsychological testing could not demonstrate cognitive abnormalities based on cortical localization of function. Hippocampal lesions can produce “place” coding dysfunction in an animal who will be unsure about its spatial location.28
Biological Basis of Behavior
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
The parietal lobe is located above the occipital lobe of the brain and behind the frontal lobe. The parietal lobe is divided into three parts: (1) the postcentral gyrus; (2) the superior parietal lobule; and (3) the inferior parietal lobule. The postcentral gyrus receives sensory input from the contralateral half of the body. The sequential representation is the same as in the primary motor area, with upside-down reversal of sensations: the head is represented in inferior parts of the gyrus and sensations from the lower extremities are represented in superior portions. The primary somatosensory cortex, located in the postcentral gyrus, integrates somesthetic stimuli for recognition and recall of form, texture, and weight. The primary somatosensory cortex on one side receives all the somatosensory input from the contralateral side of the body. Lesions of the postcentral gyrus can cause difficulty in recognizing objects by touch (astereognosis). The superior parietal lobule is regarded as an association cortex. The inferior parietal lobule (composed of the angular and supramarginal gyri) is a cortical region involved with the integration of multiple sensory signals (K. Rogers, 2011).
Biological Predictions from the Conduction Delay Hypothesis of Cerebral Lateralization
Published in Robert Miller, Axonal Conduction Time and Human Cerebral Laterality, 2019
Eidelberg and Galaburda (1984) conducted a cytoarchitectural study of the inferior parietal lobule. Three fields were identified in the angular gyrus region. One of these (PG) was larger in the left, but only when the planum temporale was also larger. Another field (PEG) was substantially larger in the right, regardless of size of planum temporale.
Cortical and cerebellar structural correlates of cognitive-motor integration performance in females with and without persistent concussion symptoms
Published in Brain Injury, 2023
Johanna M. Hurtubise, Diana J. Gorbet, Loriann Hynes, Alison K. Macpherson, Lauren E. Sergio
In addition, the volume and thickness of cortical regions of interest were examined. These regions were determined a-priori and known to be involved in the frontoparietal network for visually guided reaching (28,48,49). Regions in the parietal lobe included the right and left superior parietal lobe (SPL), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and precuneus. In the frontal lobe, regions of interest included the right and left precentral, superior frontal, rostral middle frontal (rMFG), and caudal middle frontal (cMFG) regions. Finally, the cuneus, which is a region within the occipital lobe, was also investigated. Both the thickness and volume were extracted from each subject using the Desikan-Killiany cortical parcellation atlas (50). The cortical parcellation of the FreeSurfer template was mapped back onto the individual subject and adjusted for small variations. The values of each individual subject’s thickness and volume of the aforementioned regions were then extracted and structural volumes were corrected for TIV using a proportion method.
Effect of object substitution, spontaneous compensation and repetitive training on reaching movements in a patient with optic ataxia
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Josselin Baumard, Frédérique Etcharry-Bouyx, Valérie Chauviré, Delphine Boussard, Mathieu Lesourd, Chrystelle Remigereau, Yves Rossetti, François Osiurak, Didier Le Gall
The differential diagnosis between optic ataxia and apraxia (i.e., the inability to perform voluntary gestures in the absence of sensory or motor deficits; Rothi et al., 1991) is sometimes difficult. Optic ataxia can be unilateral – following left brain damage (Perenin & Vighetto, 1988; Revol et al., 2003) – and affects the spatial accuracy of reaching and grasping movements performed under visual control, following contralateral lesions in the superior parietal lobule and precuneus (area 7). In contrast, apraxia is generally a bilateral symptom that impairs either tool use or gestures performed without visual control (e.g., imitation of reflexive configurations), and results from lesions in the left inferior parietal lobe and parieto-occipital junction (areas 39 and 40; Goldenberg, 2009).
Resting-state fMRI reveals increased functional connectivity in the cerebellum but decreased functional connectivity of the caudate nucleus in Parkinson’s disease
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Oliver Kaut, Clemens Mielacher, René Hurlemann, Ullrich Wüllner
Many studies have evaluated resting-state activity in PD; however, the results have been largely inconsistent, likely due to different preprocessing protocols. A recent meta-analysis across rs-fMRI studies found the presence of intrinsic functional disturbances in the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and in the supramarginal gyrus to be one of the few consistent features in PD patients [11]. This study also focused on the DMN in PD, which was characterized by deactivation of cortical areas (i.e. medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, lateral parietal cortex, and medial temporal cortex) during the performance of executive tasks [12, 13, 14]. This analysis also showed that convergent aberrations in PD formed an interconnected network, mainly with DMN, in a task-independent functional connectivity (FC) analysis [11]. And it was based on patterns across the whole brain, whereas studies using a seed-based approach were not included.