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The neural basis of semantic memory
Published in Lars-Göran Nilsson, Nobuo Ohta, Dementia and Memory, 2013
Michael F. Bonner, Murray Grossman
Our knowledge of quantity and magnitude is often represented in numbers. Number knowledge does not depend on the specific sensory-motor attributes of objects, but is instead an abstract property of a set of objects or a volume of a mass. Substantial fMRI work over the past decade has demonstrated that the parietal lobe, particularly the intraparietal sulcus, plays a critical role in the representation of quantity (Arsalidou & Taylor, 2011).
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
The PARIETAL LOBE in PRIMATES is conventionally divided into two parts on the dorsolateral surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES, the INFERIOR and SUPERIOR PARIETAL LOBULES (IPL and SPL), separated by the deep INTRAPARIETAL SULCUS. There is controversy over whether this division is homologous in man and monkey. The anatomist Brodmann thought not (see BRODMANN'S AREAS). He numbered the IPL as area 7 in the monkey, but placed area 7 right alongside area 5 in the SPL in the human brain. The IPL in humans he distinguished as areas 39 and 40, numbers he did not use in his parcelation of the monkey cortex.
Motion Processing in Human Visual Cortex
Published in Jon H. Kaas, Christine E. Collins, The Primate Visual System, 2003
Randolph Blake, Robert Sekuler, Emily Grossman
A portion of the output from V1 destined for dorsal portions of the brain, in the parietal lobe, innervates a retinotopically organized brain region located near the junction of the transverse occipital sulcus and the intraparietal sulcus (Figure 13.2). This dorsal extrastriate area, called V3a, was shown by Tootell et al.66 to be motion sensitive. In fact, subsequent studies have shown that V3a exhibits the strongest direction selectivity of any of the retinotopically defined areas,62 and it responds much more strongly to coherent motion of random dots than to incoherent, random motion.58 Culham et al.67 discuss possible homologies between human V3a and monkey visual area V3.
A proof-of-concept study comparing tinnitus and neural connectivity changes following multisensory perceptual training with and without a low-dose of fluoxetine
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
G. D. Searchfield, D. P. Spiegel, T.N.E.R. Poppe, M. Durai, M. Jensen, K. Kobayashi, J. Park, B.R. Russell, G. S. Shekhawat, F. Sundram, B.B. Thompson, K. J. Wise
The functional connectivity between the pairing of the left posterior intraparietal sulcus (LPIS) and right ventral intraparietal sulcus (RVIS), and the pairing of the right frontal eye fields (RFEF) and right temporoparietal junction (RTJ), decreased significantly in the experimental SSRI group. There is accumulating evidence that pathophysiology of tinnitus may involve functional alteration in non-auditory brain regions, including those that are part of attention networks [24]. It is possible, therefore, that SSRI-related effects on tinnitus reported in literature may be due to underlying inhibition of non-auditory tinnitus network activity, i.e. the distress networks, as LPIS, RVIS, RFEF, and RTJ are regions of the brain that form the frontoparietal attention network and are crucially involved in the selection of sensory contents by attention [24, 52]. The intraparietal sulcus is reported to play an initiative role in the processing of unexpected targets in the attention network [53]. Temporoparietal junction and frontal eye fields are cortical regions involved in the orienting system for visual events [24, 54]. Though their roles are not fully understood, irregular activity of the temporoparietal junction has been proposed as being associated with tinnitus; for example, transient suppression of tinnitus was observed after stimulation of the temporoparietal junction [55].
Does Cue Focality Modulate Age-related Performance in Prospective Memory? An fMRI Investigation
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2021
Francesco Scalici, Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo, Valerio Santangelo, Francesco Barban, Emiliano Macaluso, Carlo Caltagirone, Alberto Costa
Across age groups we found that focality significantly affected BOLD activity. Particularly, limited to the ONG task we observed an effect of the non-focal condition (non-focal > focal) in a bilateral fronto-parietal network encompassing the inferior/middle frontal gyri, supplementary motor areas (SMA) and intraparietal sulci; whereas, we found an effect of the focal condition (focal > non-focal) in the ventromedial PFC and the right fusiform/parahippocampal gyrus (Figure 2; Panel A). Moreover, we investigated the effect of cueing showing that when the cues were W (W > S) the right parahippocampal gyrus, temporo-parietal junction, cuneus and bilateral precuneus were activated. Conversely, when the cues were S (S > W) we observed activation of the right intraparietal sulcus (Figure 2; Panel B). The left intraparietal sulcus was also activated in a cueing-by-task interaction, showing that BOLD activity was significantly modulated when cues were S in the PM task (Figure 3; Panel A).
Maximising recovery from aphasia with central and peripheral agraphia: The benefit of sequential treatments
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2019
Pélagie M. Beeson, Chelsea Bayley, Christine Shultz, Kindle Rising
A high-resolution MRI brain scan revealed left temporo-parietal damage that extended dorsally to the superior parietal lobule and ventrally to parieto-temporo-occipital junction (Figure 1). Lesion analysis was implemented by hand on a slice-by-slice basis followed by a normalisation procedure using cost-function masking as described in Andersen, Rapcsak, and Beeson (2010). Damage was evident in the mid to posterior superior temporal gyrus, the supramarginal and angular gyri, as well as extensive parietal damage that included the intraparietal sulcus. There was also a small area of damage in the right superior parietal lobule that was evident on acute diffusion weighted images (Figure 1). Diffusion tensor imaging revealed white matter damage affecting the left middle longitudinal fasciculus.