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Low Back Pain
Published in Benjamin Apichai, Chinese Medicine for Lower Body Pain, 2021
There are superficial tender points on the lumbar region. If the trauma is on the sacrospinal muscle or the lumbodorsal fascia, the tender points are located on both sides of the vertebrae.If the trauma is on the supraspinal ligament or the interspinous ligament, the tender points are located on the mid-spinal line.Spasm of muscles may be found on the sacrospinal muscle and the gluteus maximus muscle.The affected muscles are extremely sensitive to the touch.
Using Fillers in the Abdomen and Buttocks
Published in Neil S. Sadick, Illustrated Manual of Injectable Fillers, 2020
Rosemarie Mazzuco, Taciana Dal’Forno Dini
In Western societies, especially in Brazil, the central rounded projection and the lift of the gluteal region is desirable from an aesthetic point of view and is associated with sexual attraction. Part of this projection derives from the mass of the gluteus maximus muscle and associated lumbar lordosis of the spine. The amount of subcutaneous fat content contributes to greater buttock projection and accounts for the round shape of the buttocks. Subcutaneous fat content in the gluteal region is usually greater in women vs. men, infants vs. adults, and in some ethnic groups (14).
The neurological examination
Published in Michael Y. Wang, Andrea L. Strayer, Odette A. Harris, Cathy M. Rosenberg, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Handbook of Neurosurgery, Neurology, and Spinal Medicine for Nurses and Advanced Practice Health Professionals, 2017
Gluteus maximus muscle (Figure 11.2c) Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, and S2).Function: Extension of thigh and lateral rotation.Physical examination: The patient lies prone with legs extended and tries to elevate the leg against resistance.
Trunk and lower extremity long-axis rotation exercise improves forward single leg jump landing neuromuscular control
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
John Nyland, Ryan Krupp, Justin Givens, David Caborn
The rationale behind the improved LE neuromuscular control that was observed in this study may be best explained using kinesiological concepts. The gluteus maximus muscle possesses a thick fascial insertion to the iliotibial tract (Shiraishi et al., 2018). During locomotion, the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles and the tensor fascia lata of the stance LE balance the weight of the body, and that of the non-weightbearing LE (Cho et al., 2018; Neumann, 2010). At knee flexion angles less than 30°, the ACL is the primary tibial internal rotation restraint, but at greater knee flexion angles the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles provide a synergistic secondary restraint through the iliotibial band (Cibulka and Bennett, 2020; Kaplan and Jazrawi, 2018; Kline et al., 2018; Matsumoto, 1990; Suero et al., 2013) as the gluteus medius muscle helps control frontal and transverse plane pelvis and femoral alignment directly through the hip joint (Neumann, 2010).
Diagnosis and treatment of pudendal and inferior cluneal nerve entrapment syndrome: a narrative review
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2022
Katleen Jottard, Pierre Bonnet, Viviane Thill, Stephane Ploteau, Stefan de Wachter
The inferior cluneal nerve branches, which are purely sensitive, stem from the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN), which is composed of fibers coming from the ventral branches of S1, S2 and S3 spinal nerves. The PFCN accompanies the sciatic nerve (SN), usually coursing medially or posteriorly to this nerve, while lying against the lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity. The PFCN gives rise, medially, to the inferior cluneal nerves. They course below the inferior border of the gluteus maximus muscle and enter the skin of the buttocks. The number and course of the inferior cluneal nerves not only varies from one individual to another but also from one side to the other. via its numerous collateral branches, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervates a very extensive area including the posterior surface of the thigh, the infragluteal fold, the skin over the ischial tuberosity, but also the lateral anal region, scrotum, or labium majus via its perineal branches. These perineal branches generally arise from the medial border of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, at the level of the inferior extremity of the ischial tuberosity and then courses subcutaneously over the origins of the hamstring muscles, transversely crossing over the tendons lateromedially [5,6].
The relationship between pressure offloading and ischial tissue health in individuals with spinal cord injury: An exploratory study
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2019
Sharon Gabison, Sunita Mathur, Ethne L. Nussbaum, Milos R. Popovic, Mary C. Verrier
Given that muscle is more compressible than fat and is more sensitive to tissue deformation with prolonged loading,14 it is not surprising that the region corresponding to muscle appeared to be more homogeneous. It would be interesting to investigate if following SCI, fat infiltration of muscle provides a protective mechanism by providing the cushioning needed for the overlying tissue or if fat infiltration may be a risk factor for PI development. In a study conducted by Lemmer et al.,52 individuals with greater than 15% of intramuscular fat in the gluteus maximus muscle were at higher risk to have a PI. Longitudinal evaluation of a cohort of individuals with SCI would explore the nature of changes in echogenicity, atrophy and fat infiltration and their respective relationships to total tissue volume and development of PIs.