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Other Asphyxial Deaths
Published in Sudhir K. Gupta, Forensic Pathology of Asphyxial Deaths, 2022
Gagging is a form of asphyxia produced by forcing a foreign object into the mouth and/or throat. It is usually resorted to as a means of preventing the victim from shouting for help, and the resultant death is usually not intentional. Hence, sometimes the victim's hands and legs may also be found tied so as to prevent him or her from removing the gag and escaping. However, at times, the gagging may be homicidal, particularly in the cases of infants, individuals incapacitated by alcohol or other drugs, the elderly and infirm, etc. The commonly encountered gagging materials include rolled-up clothes, papers, ties, scarves, etc., but other unusual items such as false dentures are also known to have been used as a gag. Some authors do not consider gagging to be a separate category of asphyxial death in its own right and prefer to include it as a type of smothering or, sometimes, choking.
General anaesthesia
Published in Roy Palmer, Diana Wetherill, Medicine for Lawyers, 2020
Muscle paralysis, in patients given a muscle relaxant, must be reversed at the end of surgery unless there is clear evidence from the measured response to motor nerve stimulation that muscle function has fully recovered. The anaesthetic is then turned off and the patient is turned onto their left side and allowed to recover. The patient is extubated; a Guedel airway may be inserted provided the patient is unconscious and does not gag as this is positioned. Gagging may cause vomiting. The patient may inhale vomit material for up to two hours after the recovery of consciousness.2
4.00: Feeding, eating and drinking
Published in Fiona Broadley, Supporting Life Skills for Young Children with Vision Impairment and Other Disabilities, 2020
Your baby should be able to sit independently and hold her head up before you introduce finger food. She is likely to be between 9 and 12 months before she is ready and must be more than 6 months old to have the necessary developmental skills. She does not need teeth to eat finger food. Babies may gag if food hits certain areas of the tongue or roof of the mouth; this is a reaction by a sensitive area of the mouth. this is different from choking and does not indicate a food like or dislike. Gagging is only a concern if it is persistent.
Prioritizing choice and assent in the assessment and treatment of food selectivity
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Holly C. Gover, Gregory P. Hanley, Kelsey W. Ruppel, Robin K. Landa, Juliana Marcus
Liam’s results are depicted in Figure 4. During the functional analysis, Liam engaged in IMB each trial. During baseline, Liam primarily touched the plate; thus, the first full reinforcement criterion for treatment was set to touching the food. Liam performed at or above the criterion during the first six reinforcement criteria phases with several exceptions. There were several instances of IMB and gagging. Liam’s performance deteriorated when the reinforcement criterion was increased to swallowing the food. Therefore, we decreased the reinforcement criterion back to chewing the food five times and remained at this level for 12 sessions due to inconsistent gagging. We again increased the criterion to swallowing the foods. By the fifth meal at this level, Liam consumed all the targeted foods across three meals.
Comparison between landmark and ultrasound-guided percutaneous peristyloid glossopharyngeal nerve block for post-tonsillectomy pain relief in children: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Published in Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2022
Abdelrhman Alshawadfy, Ahmed A. Ellilly, Ahmed M. Elewa, Wesam F. Alyeddin
Furthermore, the LM technique was easier and consumed short duration than the US-guided GPN block. Barton and Williams [24] found it is easy and recommended to use intraoral lidocaine GPN block among awake patients with nasotracheal intubation, local tonsillectomies, and in combination with superior laryngeal nerve blocks. The lidocaine administration easily and quickly blocked the GPN; hence, completely abolished the gag reflex. Furthermore, it was noted that to completely eliminate the gag reflex, bilateral GPN blocks were required due to the likelihood of some innervations overlap or the near impossibility of applying pressure to the posterior portion of the tongue unilaterally. The gagging might persist in case of unilateral tonsillectomy until the unoperated pharyngeal wall was blocked. In patients scheduled for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, Ortega Ramírez et al. [25] studied the effect of intraoral GPN block versus lidocaine local spray. Patients with intraoral GPN block had greater comfort and tolerance with more significant reduction of the need for sedation.
Sleep and asthma management in youth with poorly-controlled asthma and their caregivers: a qualitative approach
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Corinne Evans, Andrea Fidler, Dawn Baker, Mary Wagner, David Fedele
Similarly, almost one third of caregivers (27%) experienced sleep disturbances due to their child’s asthma symptoms. Several caregivers expressed distress regarding their child’s nocturnal asthma symptoms which inhibited their sleep. For example, one caregiver recounted, “I used to have to sleep on the floor besides his bed because I was afraid he might stop breathing one time and not start back.” Another caregiver shared a similar concern that “all a sudden he can be gagging and I can’t sleep so I have to stay up all night so that’s my worry cause like I’m like is he breathing or is he not.” One caregiver recounted an experience in which they had to wake their child and administer treatment during an exacerbation because “he did not wake up.”