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Preparing the Patient for the fMRI Study and Optimization of Paradigm Selection and Delivery
Published in Andrei I. Holodny, Functional Neuroimaging, 2019
It should be noted that while the aforementioned are the major language centers in the brain, there are many secondary language areas that activate consistently on an fMRI map. These include (but are not limited to) middle frontal gyrus, middle and inferior temporal gyri, and supramarginal and angular gyri. For example, Figure 3 clearly demonstrates prominent activation in the left middle frontal gyrus. These areas should not be discounted as their contribution to essential speech function can be significant and their role in linguistics is being increasingly well defined.
Discussions (D)
Published in Terence R. Anthoney, Neuroanatomy and the Neurologic Exam, 2017
Carpenter and Sutin are the only authors who were noted to describe the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus as a part of the uncinate fasciculus. They describe the latter as connecting several frontal gyri with the “anterior portions of the temporal lobe,” but then go on to state that “A deep placed part of this fasciculus is thought to connect the frontal and occipital lobes (i.e., inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus)” (1983, p. 37). To be consistent, therefore, they would have to broaden their description of the uncinate fasciculus to include connections between the frontal and occipital lobes as well.
Neuroanatomy of basic cognitive function
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Mark J. Ashley, Jessica G. Ashley, Matthew J. Ashley
Laterally, the DMN includes the parietal region ventral to the intraparietal sulcus encompassing the posterior inferior parietal lobule and the angular gyrus.190 The supramarginal gyrus, temporoparietal junction, and the lateral temporal lobe near the middle and inferior temporal gyri activate prominently. The lateral frontal lobe is also engaged in the inferior, middle and superior frontal gyri near Brodmann areas 47, 45, 8, 9, and 10.
Evaluation of Memory and Language Network in Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairment: A Combined Functional Connectivity and Voxel-based Morphometry Study
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2021
A Ankeeta, Rohit Saxena, S Senthil Kumaran, Sada Nand Dwivedi, Naranamangalam Raghunathan Jagannathan, Vaishna Narang
Activation of the cingulate sulcus and supplementary motor areas in both of these groups may be attributed to cognition, verb generation, attention and motor behaviour corresponding to their role in Braille reading and semantic retrieval.11,31,43 Activations in the prefrontal area, middle frontal gyrus (BA 9, 46) and inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45,47) in blind participants is indicative of word retrieval through the dorsal pathway with tactile and semantic encoding tasks44 and object naming31 associated with semantic language processes. Shifting of inferior frontal gyrus and increased BOLD responses in LB and EB adolescents may be due to lateralisation of the language areas. All participants may have been encoding the noun words (concrete or abstract nouns) into some object category followed by semantic processing. FC in EB and LB participants showed an increased range of connectivity with the hippocampus to language areas revealing the processing of Braille semantic and lexical components. The lateralisation of language processing is left lateralised and there is no change in this process.44
A study on BOLD fMRI of the brain basic activities of MDD and the first-degree relatives
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2020
Yulu Song, Xiaojun Shen, Xinnuan Mu, Ning Mao, Bin Wang
Compared with the traditional model-driven method, such as the normal linear model, when it comes to synchronous hemodynamic response and detection of the hemodynamic response of unpredictable, which can not be found by model-driven method, ReHo measurements may be more feasible. Therefore, resting-state fMRI is significantly promising. Using the ReHo method, some changes could be found in some special regions of some mental illnesses patients, such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) (Guo et al. 2015) and MDD (Hawkey et al. 2018; Geng et al. 2019; Hu et al. 2019). Studies of Hu J showed ReHo changes in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and in several areas of the cerebral cortex of PD patients. These areas are likely to correlate with non-motor symptoms, such as cognition and emotions (Hu et al. 2019). These results were similar to ours’. The brain areas with decreased ReHo in our study also contains the frontal gyrus. In MDD patients, Geng J et al. found the patients exhibited lower ReHo levels in the right frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus and left precentral gyrus (Geng et al. 2019), which is consistent with results in this study. Besides, we also found other abnormal areas that they (Geng et al. 2019) didn’t pay attention to. Therefore, this study had a better understanding when it comes to the mechanism of MDD processing. Moreover, we compared the changes between MDD and first-degree relatives, which is helpful in understanding MDD.
Discriminating schizophrenia disease progression using a P50 sensory gating task with dense-array EEG, clinical assessments, and cognitive tests
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Yu Luo, Jicong Zhang, Changming Wang, Xiaohui Zhao, Qi Chang, Hua Wang, Chuanyue Wang
In the source level approach, the FESZ group exhibited greater activation during the S1 and S2 sensory gating in the prefrontal cortex, temporal gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus. When paired auditory click stimuli (S1 and S2) appeared, the corresponding brain areas in the four groups also showed different degrees of response to the stimuli. Figure 4 illustrates the activity of the temporal and frontal gyri when the four groups were at the onset of the first-click stimulus. Apparently, the temporal gyrus (more predominant in the right hemisphere) and prefrontal cortex of the patients with FESZ had the most severe response to the stimulus, and the HC group had the weakest response. The degree of response of the four groups was roughly ranked as FESZ>UHR>HR>HC. Figure 5 illustrates the activity of the temporal and frontal gyri during the second stimulus presentation. Similar to the reaction to S1, the patients with FESZ also had the most severe response in the temporal gyrus and the prefrontal cortex and were ranked as FESZ>UHR>HR>HC. Moreover, because the interval between S2 and S1 was very small, the degree of response in the FESZ group was more severe and the response in the HC group was weaker. This was consistent with the results of the ERP waveform, and the FESZ group had a defective response to the stimulus.