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Poultry and Eggs
Published in Christopher Cumo, Ancestral Diets and Nutrition, 2020
Health data also came from Hawikku, referenced earlier. Settled around 1425, habitation overlapped with Spanish incursion after 1539.169 The Spanish brought Old World diseases to which Amerindians lacked immunities. With perhaps 4,000 to 7,000 occupants in 1538, Hawikku lost half its population to diseases in the sixteenth century, and deaths continued to mount through the next century. Skeletons revealed anemia in at least 84 percent of Zuni. The percentage must have been higher given that the condition must be severe and prolonged to mark bones. Ninety-four percent of individuals had teeth with enamel hypoplasia, which Chapter 1 defined as a sign of undernutrition, illness, parasitism, or their combination. Most hypoplasias formed between ages three and five, suggesting dietary stress, infections, parasites, or their combination after weaning.
Hypoparathyroidism in pediatric patients
Published in Pallavi Iyer, Herbert Chen, Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders in Children, 2020
Andrew C. Calabria, Michael A. Levine
The classic triad of APS-1 consists of mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency. The clinical onset of the three principal components of the syndrome typically follows a predictable pattern, in which mucocutaneous candidiasis first appears at a mean age of 5 years, followed by hypoparathyroidism at a mean age of 9 years, and adrenal insufficiency at a mean age of 14 years. Many additional autoimmune features can develop, including endocrinopathies, such as ovarian failure, hypothyroidism, diabetes, and hypophysitis with growth hormone deficiency. Nonendocrine conditions include alopecia, which can start as hairless patches and proceed to alopecia totalis, pernicious anemia, malabsorption, steatorrhea, hepatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, and dystrophic nails. Dental enamel hypoplasia is also common and appears to be unrelated to hypoparathyroidism. Vitiligo, calcifications of the tympanic membranes, and periodic maculopapular, morbilliform, or urticarial rash with fever occur as well as part of the clinical spectrum of APECED. Although most patients with AIRE mutations will manifest multiple features of the APS-1 disorder, some patients with AIRE mutations will manifest only hypoparathyroidism.
ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
Cysts lined by epithelium were found frequently in association with tooth germ isografts in the cheek pouches. They developed from odontogenic epithelium in close relation to the crowns of the involved teeth. Cysts in tooth germ isografts from 5-day-old animals began to form shortly after transplantation as a result of enamel organ degeneration. The pathologic process that initiated cystic degeneration in the enamel organ in this instance was accompanied by degeneration of the ameloblasts and enamel hypoplasia. When tooth germs from 2-day-old hamsters were transplanted, cystic spaces developed only after completion of enamel formation as a result of separation between cells of the reduced enamel epithelium. Enamel hypoplasia was not a conspicuous feature. The experimental data suggest that there may be at least two types of dentigerous cysts, perhaps with different causes, arising at different stages of tooth development.
Leopoli-Cencelle (9th–15th centuries CE), a centre of Papal foundation: bioarchaeological analysis of the skeletal remains of its inhabitants
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2020
Marica Baldoni, Francesca Romana Stasolla, Giuseppina Scano, Luigi Tonino Marsella, Olga Rickards, Cristina Martínez-Labarga
The palaeopathological analysis was mainly performed by morphological observation of both dental and skeletal remains. X-ray screening was performed at the Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Imaging molecolare, Radiologia, Interventistica e Radioterapia, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Tor Vergata, using GMM Opera Swing to achieve a differential diagnosis in some pathological cases. Odontological analysis was performed on the 168 individuals for which teeth were preserved; as reported in previous research by Gnes et al. (2018) it mainly focussed on indicators of dietary habits and oral health status as carious lesions (Lucas et al. 2010), dental calculus (Hillson 1996; Greene et al. 2005), tooth wear (Molnar 1971; Smith 1984; Esclassan et al. 2009), antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), abscesses, and periodontal diseases (Vodanović et al. 2012; cf. Manzi et al. 1999; cf. Masotti et al. 2013). Enamel hypoplasia was observed macroscopically (Goodman et al. 1980, 1984; Goodman and Rose 1990). Student's t-test and chi square test were run on statistical software R (v. 3.4.1).
Oral microbiota in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2018
Øyvind Bruserud, Huma Siddiqui, Mihaela Cuida Marthinussen, Tsute Chen, Roland Jonsson, Bergithe Eikeland Oftedal, Ingar Olsen, Eystein Sverre Husebye, Anette Bøe Wolff
A total of 10 APS-1 patients from 6 different families were included. All patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of APS-1. They were previously described in the Norwegian cohort [9,24,25] and included in our National Registry of Autoimmune Diseases. Three patients were excluded after an initial quality control. A detailed characterization of the seven remaining patients (five females and two males) is given in Table 1. The mean age was 32.3 years (range 10–64). All participants had their disease onset before the age of 8 years. Three patients presented the three major disease components and the mean number of disease components was five (range 4–7). Enamel hypoplasia was found in all patients. CMC was previously diagnosed in five patients and three had oral candidiasis at the time of sampling (Table 1). Disease-causing AIRE-mutations and autoantibodies against interferon-ω were present in all. All participants gave informed and written consent and the study was approved by The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics for Western Norway.
The dental manifestations and orthodontic implications of hypoparathyroidism in childhood
Published in Journal of Orthodontics, 2018
Amy Arora Gallacher, M. N. Pemberton, D. T. Waring
Enamel hypoplasia, or defects in the calcification of teeth is the most common dental anomaly reported in patients be suffering from low calcium levels (Kelly et al. 2009). In this case a hypoplasia was found to be marked in those teeth that mineralise during childhood, i.e. mandibular canines and premolars, which would coincide with the age of onset of the hypocalcemic symptoms. Similarly chemical imbalances occurring during childhood could disturb normal root development or promote resorptive processes that contribute to the shortened root length seen in adulthood. Unfortunately sequential panoramic radiographs of the patient were unavailable for comparison.