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Rhinolaryngoscopy for the Allergist
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Jerald W Koepke, William K Dolen
The framework of the larynx is formed by the thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic cartilages and by pairs of arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilages. The aryepiglottic folds and the arytenoids are located immediately behind the epiglottis (Fig. 11.6). The aperture of the glottis (rima glottidis) is formed by the true vocal folds (plicae vocales) and the posterior commissure between the arytenoids. The anterior ligament of the true vocal folds is located at the anterior angle of the vocal folds. Between the true vocal folds and the false vocal folds (vestibular folds; plicae ventriculares) is the laryngeal ventricle. The nodular swellings located medially in the aryepiglottic folds are the corniculate cartilages which sit on top of the arytenoid cartilages. Lateral to the corniculate cartilages are the cuneiform cartilages.
Anatomy overview
Published in Stephanie Martin, Working with Voice Disorders, 2020
The corniculate are two small conical elastic cartilages at the apex of the arytenoid cartilages. The tiny, club- or rod-shaped cuneiform cartilages, when present, are contained within the aryepiglottic folds (a fold of tissue which extends from the arytenoids to the epiglottis). There is frequent normal variation in these cartilages which do not appear to have any clinical significance and currently neither the corniculate nor the cuneiform cartilages appear to have a reported role in laryngeal function.
Larynx
Published in Neeraj Sethi, R. James A. England, Neil de Zoysa, Head, Neck and Thyroid Surgery, 2020
The mechanisms in place to prevent aspiration include: Cessation of breathing during swallowingTemporary elevation of the larynx to approximate the epiglottis to the arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform cartilagesOpposition of the vocal cords to close off the laryngeal sphincter
Histopathology of laryngomalacia
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Richard Wei Chern Gan, Ali Moustafa, Kerry Turner, Lindsey Knight
There was no comment on the presence of cartilage in the series by Iyer et al. [7]. Chandra et al. [8] found two out of nine patients in their study having resected specimens containing fibrocartilage. These were deemed to be the cuneiform cartilages. In their opinion, the malacic collapsing component of the larynx is usually the posterior supraglottic larynx, including the cuneiform cartilages and thus cuneiform cartilages are excised as part of the aryepiglottoplasty when necessary [8]. The majority of the specimens, 47 (77%) cases in our study contained cartilage, having said that, the operating surgeon judges the amount of prolapsing tissue to resect and does not set out to necessarily resect cartilage, removing the mucosa in the region of airway prolapse with contained cartilage if required. Cartilage immaturity has been implicated as a cause of laryngomalacia [8]. Out of the 47 cases with specimens containing cartilage, over half (59.6%) had immature cartilage. This gives some weight behind the theory of a chondropathic component in laryngomalacia.
Anterior glottoplasty: the effect of inclusion of the vocal fold lamina propria to frequency elevation
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Pengcheng Yu, Rui Fang, Chao Xue, Jack Jiang
The epiglottis, cuneiform cartilages, corniculate cartilages, and ventricular folds as well as the superior cornu were dissected away to expose the true vocal folds. A segment of trachea was preserved and sealed off by the inflated balloon of the endotracheal tube. The humidified and compressed air was provided by a ventilator (ResMed AutoSet II, Australia) and passed through an airflow adjust controller and a flowmeter (MF5706-N-10, Siargo Ltd, Shanghai, China) which was connected to the endotracheal tube. Vocal fold adduction was achieved by 5-0 polypropylene sutures placed through the vocal process and arytenoid cartilage (Figure 1(A)).